NCT04473599

Brief Summary

The investigators have developed supportive text-messages in English and Spanish to help people cope with the stress and anxiety of COVID-19 social distancing. The purpose of this study is to examine if automated text-messages will improve depression and anxiety symptoms and enhance positive mood. Additionally, the investigators will compare the effectiveness of sending messages on a random schedule (using a micro-randomized trial design) or sent by a reinforcement learning policy on overall change in depression and anxiety symptoms and daily mood during the 8-week study.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
1,000

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Apr 2020

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

April 17, 2020

Completed
3 months until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

July 13, 2020

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

July 16, 2020

Completed
2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

July 25, 2022

Completed
6 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

January 10, 2023

Completed
Last Updated

May 23, 2023

Status Verified

May 1, 2023

Enrollment Period

2.3 years

First QC Date

July 13, 2020

Last Update Submit

May 19, 2023

Conditions

Keywords

Mobile healthText-messagingCovid-19Mental healthCoping

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Depression scores

    Patient Health Questionnaire 9 item (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 has scores from 0 to 27. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Change from baseline to 8 week follow-up

  • Anxiety scores

    General Anxiety Disorder 7 item (GAD-7). The GAD-7 has scores from 0 to 21. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Change from baseline to 8 week follow-up

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Self reported mood ratings

    8 weeks

Study Arms (3)

Uniform Random

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will receive supportive text-messages for a period of 2 months. These text-messages have two categories: behavioral activation (BA) and coping skills. In this arm, participants will receive one of these types of messages daily on a random schedule in random time periods throughout the day.

Behavioral: Uniform random message delivery

Reinforcement Learning

EXPERIMENTAL

In this arm we will test a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm with a learned decision mechanism for the timing and type of text-messages. The algorithm learns from previous data (which messages were sent, what was the participants' mood) to maximize an increase in participants' mood.

Behavioral: Reinforcement learning message delivery

Mood ratings only

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

In this arm, participants will monitor their mood and receive random feedback based on mood responses.

Behavioral: Mood ratings only

Interventions

In this arm, the categories and timings of text-messages will be delivered to participants using a random schedule

Uniform Random

In this arm, the categories and timings of text-messages will be chosen by a reinforcement learning algorithm

Reinforcement Learning

In this arm, participants will monitor their mood daily and receive feedback on that mood randomly

Mood ratings only

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Over 18 years old
  • Own a mobile phone
  • Speak English or Spanish

You may not qualify if:

  • Not owning a mobile phone
  • Under 18 years old

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

University of California Berkeley

Berkeley, California, 94709, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

  • Haro-Ramos AY, Rodriguez HP, Aguilera A. Effectiveness and implementation of a text messaging intervention to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms among Latinx and Non-Latinx white users during the COVID-19 pandemic. Behav Res Ther. 2023 Jun;165:104318. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104318. Epub 2023 Apr 16.

  • Aguilera A, Hernandez-Ramos R, Haro-Ramos AY, Boone CE, Luo TC, Xu J, Chakraborty B, Karr C, Darrow S, Figueroa CA. A Text Messaging Intervention (StayWell at Home) to Counteract Depression and Anxiety During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Pre-Post Study. JMIR Ment Health. 2021 Nov 1;8(11):e25298. doi: 10.2196/25298.

  • Figueroa CA, Hernandez-Ramos R, Boone CE, Gomez-Pathak L, Yip V, Luo T, Sierra V, Xu J, Chakraborty B, Darrow S, Aguilera A. A Text Messaging Intervention for Coping With Social Distancing During COVID-19 (StayWell at Home): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2021 Jan 14;10(1):e23592. doi: 10.2196/23592.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

DepressionAnxiety DisordersCOVID-19Psychological Well-Being

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavioral SymptomsBehaviorMental DisordersPneumonia, ViralPneumoniaRespiratory Tract InfectionsInfectionsVirus DiseasesCoronavirus InfectionsCoronaviridae InfectionsNidovirales InfectionsRNA Virus InfectionsLung DiseasesRespiratory Tract DiseasesPersonal Satisfaction

Study Officials

  • Adrian Aguilera, PhD

    UC Berkeley

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT
Masking Details
Participants are randomized to receive messages according to a random schedule (within a mico-randomized trial), delivered via a reinforcement learning policy or a control with mood ratings only.
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

July 13, 2020

First Posted

July 16, 2020

Study Start

April 17, 2020

Primary Completion

July 25, 2022

Study Completion

January 10, 2023

Last Updated

May 23, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-05

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Individual participant data that underlies the results reported in the articles will be made available to researchers on request after deidentification.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ANALYTIC CODE
Time Frame
After publication of the data, no end date
Access Criteria
Anyone with a methodologically sound proposal.

Locations