NCT04378790

Brief Summary

A randomized trial to determine whether simultaneous treatment with spectacles and patching has an equivalent VA outcome compared with sequential treatment, first with spectacles alone followed by patching (if needed), for previously untreated amblyopia in children 3 to \<13 years of age.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
544

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_3

Timeline
24mo left

Started Dec 2020

Longer than P75 for phase_3

Geographic Reach
1 country

68 active sites

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress73%
Dec 2020May 2028

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

May 5, 2020

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

May 7, 2020

Completed
7 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

December 8, 2020

Completed
7.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

May 1, 2028

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

May 1, 2028

Last Updated

February 11, 2026

Status Verified

February 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

7.4 years

First QC Date

May 5, 2020

Last Update Submit

February 9, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

patchingglassesspectaclessimultaneoussequential

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Mean Change in Amblyopic Eye logMAR distance Visual Acuity

    1. Amblyopic eye VA (calculated as mean of test and retest) at the last visit that was the basis for a "stable resolved" or "stable residual" determination (in the sequential group, stable residual amblyopia criteria can be reached only after patching has been instituted); or 2. 56-week visit amblyopic-eye VA (calculated as mean of test and retest) in those completing a 56-week visit without ever meeting criteria for "stable resolved" or "stable residual" amblyopia (if retest missing at 56 weeks, the single test value will be used).

    56 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (7)

  • Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ)

    56 weeks

  • Proportion Achieving Stable Resolved Outcome with Spectacles Alone

    56 Weeks

  • Proportion of participants who achieve Binary distance visual acuity outcomes

    56 weeks

  • Time to Stable Resolved Amblyopia

    56 weeks

  • Difference in Mean Change of Distance Visual Acuity after 8 Weeks on Randomized Treatment

    56 Weeks

  • +2 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (2)

Sequential treatment

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

full-time spectacle correction first, with subsequent patching for 2 hours per day/7 days per week only if needed (no improvement (stable/worsening) and residual)

Other: PatchingOther: Glasses

Simultaneous treatment

EXPERIMENTAL

full-time spectacle correction and part-time patching for 2 hours per day/7 days per week

Other: PatchingOther: Glasses

Interventions

Procedure in which the eye is covered utilizing a patch to increase the strength of the uncovered eye.

Also known as: Eye Patch
Sequential treatmentSimultaneous treatment
GlassesOTHER

Eye Glasses are created and worn by patient to improve vision

Also known as: Spectacles
Sequential treatmentSimultaneous treatment

Eligibility Criteria

Age3 Years - 13 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17)

You may qualify if:

  • Age 3 to \<13 years at the time of randomization
  • Amblyopia associated with anisometropia, strabismus, or both
  • o Criteria for strabismic amblyopia: At least one of the following must be met:
  • Presence of a heterotropia on examination at distance or near fixation (with or without optical correction)
  • Documented history of strabismus which is no longer present (which in the judgment of the investigator could have caused amblyopia)
  • Criteria for anisometropia: At least one of the following criteria must be met:
  • D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent (SE)
  • D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes
  • Criteria for combined-mechanism amblyopia: Both of the following criteria must be met:
  • Criteria for strabismus are met (see above)
  • D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent OR ≥1.50 D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes
  • No previous treatment for amblyopia, including no more than 24 hours of spectacle wear.
  • Investigator planning to initiate spectacle correction of refractive error meeting the following criteria based on a cycloplegic refraction that has been performed within 30 days:
  • Full correction of anisometropia
  • Full correction of astigmatism with the same axis found by the cycloplegic refraction
  • +14 more criteria

You may not qualify if:

  • Myopia greater than -6.00 D spherical equivalent in either eye.
  • Previous intraocular or refractive surgery.
  • Planned strabismus surgery in the next 56 weeks.
  • Any previous treatment for amblyopia (patching, atropine, Bangerter filter, vision therapy, or binocular treatment).
  • Previous spectacle or contact lens wear for more than 24 hours.
  • Parent and participant willing to forego option of contact lens wear for the duration of the study.
  • Ocular co-morbidity that may reduce VA determined by an ocular examination performed within the past 7 months (Note: nystagmus per se does not exclude the participant if the above VA criteria are met).
  • Severe developmental delay that would interfere with treatment or evaluation (in the opinion of the investigator). Participants with mild speech delay or reading and/or learning disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not excluded.
  • Known allergy to adhesive patches.
  • Known allergy to silicone.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (68)

UAB Pediatric Eye Care; Birmingham Health Care

Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States

RECRUITING

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States

RECRUITING

Midwestern University Eye Institute

Glendale, Arizona, 85308, United States

RECRUITING

Arizonia Pediatric Eye Specialists

Phoenix, Arizona, 85006, United States

RECRUITING

University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona, 85711, United States

RECRUITING

Univ. of California- Berkeley

Berkeley, California, 94720, United States

RECRUITING

Marshall B. Ketchum University

Fullerton, California, 92831, United States

RECRUITING

Univ of California, Irvine- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute

Irvine, California, 92697, United States

RECRUITING

Loma Linda University Health Care, Dept. of Ophthalmology

Loma Linda, California, 92354, United States

RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Los Angeles (CHLA)

Los Angeles, California, 90027, United States

RECRUITING

Stanford University

Palo Alto, California, 94303, United States

RECRUITING

Western University College of Optometry

Pomona, California, 91766, United States

RECRUITING

University of California, Davis

Sacramento, California, 95817, United States

RECRUITING

University of California San Francisco Department of Ophthalmology

San Francisco, California, 94143, United States

RECRUITING

Eye Physicians & Surgeons, PC

Milford, Connecticut, 06460, United States

RECRUITING

Nova Southeastern University College of Optometry, The Eye Institute

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33382, United States

RECRUITING

Nemours Children's Clinic

Jacksonville, Florida, 32207, United States

RECRUITING

University of South Florida (USF) Eye

Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States

RECRUITING

St Luke's Hospital

Boise, Idaho, 83702, United States

RECRUITING

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States

RECRUITING

Ticho Eye Associates

Chicago Ridge, Illinois, 60415, United States

RECRUITING

Midwestern U Chicago College of Optometry

Downers Grove, Illinois, 60515, United States

RECRUITING

Progressive Eye Care

Lisle, Illinois, 60532, United States

RECRUITING

Indiana School of Optometry

Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, United States

RECRUITING

Indiana University School of Optometry

Indianapolis, Indiana, 47405, United States

RECRUITING

Wolfe Eye Clinic

West Des Moines, Iowa, 50266, United States

RECRUITING

Wilmer Eye Institute

Baltimore, Maryland, 21287-9028, United States

RECRUITING

Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, United States

RECRUITING

Boston Children's Hospital Waltham

Boston, Massachusetts, 02453, United States

RECRUITING

Corewell Health

Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, United States

RECRUITING

Pediatric Ophthalmology, P.C.

Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49546, United States

RECRUITING

Zenith Vision Development Center

Duluth, Minnesota, 55811, United States

RECRUITING

Mayo Clinic

Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States

RECRUITING

PineCone Vision Center

Sartell, Minnesota, 56377, United States

RECRUITING

Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics

Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, United States

RECRUITING

St. Louis Children's Hospital Eye Center

St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States

RECRUITING

U of MO St. Louis College of Optometry

St Louis, Missouri, 63121, United States

RECRUITING

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska, 68114, United States

RECRUITING

Ross Eye Institute, University of Buffalo, Med School Dept Ophthalmology

Buffalo, New York, 14209, United States

RECRUITING

NYU Langone Health

New York, New York, 10017, United States

RECRUITING

State University of New York, College of Optometry

New York, New York, 10036, United States

RECRUITING

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States

RECRUITING

Duke University Eye Center

Durham, North Carolina, 27710, United States

RECRUITING

Akron Children's Hospital

Akron, Ohio, 44308, United States

RECRUITING

Cincinnati Children's Hospital

Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States

RECRUITING

Ohio State University College of Optometry

Columbus, Ohio, 43210-1280, United States

RECRUITING

Dean A. McGee Eye Institute

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States

RECRUITING

River View Family Eyecare

Albany, Oregon, 97321, United States

RECRUITING

Casey Eye Institute

Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States

RECRUITING

Pediatric Ophthalmology of Erie

Erie, Pennsylvania, 16501, United States

RECRUITING

Conestoga Eye

Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 17601, United States

RECRUITING

Wills Eye Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, United States

RECRUITING

Salus University/Pennsylvania College of Optometry

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19141, United States

RECRUITING

UPMC Children's Eye Center of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224, United States

RECRUITING

Prisma Health

Columbia, South Carolina, 29203, United States

RECRUITING

Southern College of Optometry

Memphis, Tennessee, 38104, United States

RECRUITING

Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Eye Institute

Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, United States

RECRUITING

Pediatric Eye Specialists, LLP

Fort Worth, Texas, 76014, United States

RECRUITING

Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas, 77030, United States

RECRUITING

Texas Tech University Health Science Center

Lubbock, Texas, 79430, United States

RECRUITING

University of the Incarnate Word

San Antonio, Texas, 78209, United States

RECRUITING

San Antonio Eye Center

San Antonio, Texas, 78215, United States

RECRUITING

University of Incarnate Word Rosenberg School of Optometry

San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States

RECRUITING

Rocky Mountain Eye Care Associates

Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, United States

RECRUITING

Virginia Pediatric Eye Center

Norfolk, Virginia, 23502, United States

RECRUITING

Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington

Seattle, Washington, 98105, United States

RECRUITING

Spokane Eye Clinical Research

Spokane, Washington, 99204, United States

RECRUITING

Snowy Range Vision Center

Laramie, Wyoming, 82070, United States

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Amblyopia

Interventions

Eyeglasses

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Brain DiseasesCentral Nervous System DiseasesNervous System DiseasesVision DisordersSensation DisordersNeurologic ManifestationsEye DiseasesSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

LensesOptical DevicesEquipment and Supplies

Study Officials

  • Vivian Manh

    Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington

    STUDY CHAIR
  • Michael Gray

    Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati

    STUDY CHAIR

Central Study Contacts

Raymond T Kraker, MSPH

CONTACT

Brooke P Fimbel

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 3
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

May 5, 2020

First Posted

May 7, 2020

Study Start

December 8, 2020

Primary Completion (Estimated)

May 1, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

May 1, 2028

Last Updated

February 11, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

In accordance with the NIH data sharing policy, a de-identified database is placed in the public domain on the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) public website after the completion of each protocol and publication of the primary manuscript.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF
Time Frame
Data will be made available after publication.
Access Criteria
Users accessing the data must enter an email address.
More information

Locations