NCT04298658

Brief Summary

The overall objective of this application is to investigate the impact of insomnia on pain, physical functioning, and inflammation in people living with HIV. The two aims of this study to determine 1) whether insomnia promotes increased sensitivity and inflammatory reactivity to pain stimuli, and 2) if weekly fluctuations in insomnia burden drive changes in inflammation, pain severity, and physical functioning in people living with HIV. This research could help confirm insomnia as a therapeutic target for the suppression of pain and inflammation in people living with HIV.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
171

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for all trials

Timeline
Completed

Started Jan 2020

Longer than P75 for all trials

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

January 1, 2020

Completed
2 months until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 20, 2020

Completed
15 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

March 6, 2020

Completed
5.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

July 31, 2025

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

July 31, 2025

Completed
Last Updated

September 17, 2025

Status Verified

September 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

5.6 years

First QC Date

February 20, 2020

Last Update Submit

September 10, 2025

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (11)

  • Pro-Inflammatory markers

    TNF-a, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, C-reactive protein, sCD14/163, D-dimer and IFN-gamma assays will be performed on the blood to identify levels of pro-inflammatory markers.

    Baseline up to 8 weeks

  • Anti-Inflammatory markers

    IFN-a, TGF-B, IL4, IL-10 and IL-13 assays will be performed on the blood to identify levels of anti-inflammatory markers.

    Baseline up to 8 weeks

  • Oxidative Stress markers

    Mitochondrial DNA damage, Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) and Cortisolassays will be performed on the blood to identify levels of anti-inflammatory markers.

    Baseline up to 8 weeks

  • Pain threshold

    Pain threshold refers to the intensity at which a stimulus is first perceived as painful. Heat stimuli will be delivered using a computer-controlled thermal stimulation system with a 30 millimeter X 30 millimeter probe. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain threshold, participants will be instructed to press the button when the sensation "first becomes painful"

    Baseline up to 1 week

  • Pain tolerance

    Pain tolerance refers to the maximum amount of pain produced by a stimulus that a person is able/willing to tolerate. Heat stimuli will again be delivered using the computer-controlled thermal stimulation system. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain tolerance, participants will be instructed to press the button when they are "no longer willing to tolerate" the painful sensation.

    Baseline up to 1 week

  • Punctate Stimuli

    Monofilament touch test refers to the maximum amount of pain produced by a stimulus that a person is able/willing to tolerate. Participants will be asked to rate their pain after being stimulated either once or ten times with vonfrey filament, or until they can no longer tolerate" the painful sensation.

    Baseline up to 1 week

  • Temporal summation of pain

    Temporal summation of pain refers to a form of endogenous pain facilitation characterized by the perception of increased pain despite constant or even reduced peripheral afferent input. Temporal summation is presumed to be the psychophysical manifestation of wind-up. Wind-up is a phenomenon where repetitive stimulation of C primary afferents at rates greater than 0.3 Hertz produces a slowly increasing response of second-order neurons in the spinal cord. A series of 5 heat pulses will be repeated every two seconds starting at a baseline temperature of 40 and participants will be asked to rate how painful each peak of the pulse feels to them using a pain rating of 0-100 (0 no pain at all to 100 the most intense pain imaginable). These heat pulses will be repeated randomly at three different temperatures peaking at 44, 46, and 48 degrees in Celsius.

    Baseline up to 1 week

  • Conditioned pain modulation

    A routinely used quantitative sensory testing protocol for the measurement of endogenous pain inhibition, which refers to the reduction in pain from one stimulus (the test stimulus) produced by the application of a second pain stimulus (the conditioning stimulus). The conditioning stimulus will be the cold pressor task (Thermo Scientific) applied to the non-dominant hand. For this procedure the cold water will be maintained at 10C and participants will keep their hand immersed for 60 seconds. Upon removal of the hand, a mechanical pressure stimulus will be applied. The pressure stimulus used is a handheld, digital pressure algometer (Algomed, Medoc, Ramat Yishai, Israel) to assess pressure pain applied to the dominant forearm and ipsilateral trapezius by gradually increasing pressure at a rate of 30 kiloPascals (maximum 1000 kiloPascals) per second until participants indicate when the increasing pressure first becomes painful by pressing a button on a device they will be holding.

    Baseline up to 1 week

  • Actigraph Sleep Measurement

    A light weight and compact watch-like device used for objective measurement of sleep. The device will be worn for 7 consecutive days/nights and will track physical activity, falling asleep and waking events, and includes an integrated light sensor for recording photopic light.

    Baseline up to 8 weeks

  • Weekly Sleep Diaries

    A sleep diary including 15 daily questions will be filled out every day for seven days including questions about a participants nightly sleep experiences.

    Baseline up to 8 weeks

  • Weekly Caffeine Diaries

    A caffeine dairy including different types of caffeine generally available for the participants to record their daily caffeine consumption of for seven days.

    Baseline up to 8 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Short Physical Performance Battery

    Week 2 up to 8 weeks

Other Outcomes (26)

  • Timed Up and Go (TUG) Task

    Week 2 up to 8 weeks

  • Munich Chrono Type Questionnaires (MCTQ)

    Baseline

  • Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)

    Baseline up to 8 weeks

  • +23 more other outcomes

Study Arms (4)

HIV and Insomnia

Participants will test positive for HIV and Insomnia.

Diagnostic Test: Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5)sleep disorders-revisedDiagnostic Test: Resmed ApneaLink Air device (Resmed, San Diego, CA).Other: Quantitative Sensory testing (QST)Diagnostic Test: Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) and Viral load

HIV Without Insomnia

Participants will test positive for HIV and test negative for Insomnia.

Diagnostic Test: Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5)sleep disorders-revisedDiagnostic Test: Resmed ApneaLink Air device (Resmed, San Diego, CA).Other: Quantitative Sensory testing (QST)Diagnostic Test: Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) and Viral load

Non HIV with Insomnia

Participants will test negative for HIV and test positive for Insomnia.

Diagnostic Test: Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5)sleep disorders-revisedDiagnostic Test: Resmed ApneaLink Air device (Resmed, San Diego, CA).Other: Quantitative Sensory testing (QST)Diagnostic Test: OraQuick Advance Rapid HIV 1/2 Swab test

Non HIV Without Insomnia

Participants will test negative for HIV and test negative for Insomnia.

Diagnostic Test: Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5)sleep disorders-revisedDiagnostic Test: Resmed ApneaLink Air device (Resmed, San Diego, CA).Other: Quantitative Sensory testing (QST)Diagnostic Test: OraQuick Advance Rapid HIV 1/2 Swab test

Interventions

Structured Clinical Interview For DSM-5 Sleep Disorders-Revised (SCISD-R) - is a semi structured interview for diagnosing sleep disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5)

Also known as: Structured Clinical Interview For DSM-5 Sleep Disorders-Revised (SCISD-R)
HIV Without InsomniaHIV and InsomniaNon HIV Without InsomniaNon HIV with Insomnia

Home Sleep Test (HST) will measure airflow (i.e., nasal pressure) using a nasal cannula and oxygen saturation to identify apnea and hypopnea and calculate an apnea hypopnea index (AHI; number of apnea and hypopnea per hour).

Also known as: Home Sleep Test
HIV Without InsomniaHIV and InsomniaNon HIV Without InsomniaNon HIV with Insomnia

All participants will undergo quantitative sensory testing for assessment of endogenous pain modulation using painful heat, mechanical, and cold stimuli in a laboratory session lasting approximately 1 hour.

HIV Without InsomniaHIV and InsomniaNon HIV Without InsomniaNon HIV with Insomnia

Participants who have an HIV negative status will complete the OraQuick Advance Rapid HIV 1/2 Swab test to confirm negative status.

Also known as: OraQuick
Non HIV Without InsomniaNon HIV with Insomnia

Participants who have an HIV positive status will have blood tested for cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and Viral load to confirm positive status.

HIV Without InsomniaHIV and Insomnia

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 85 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
Sampling MethodNon-Probability Sample
Study Population

120 individuals with HIV (60 with insomnia \& 60 without insomnia) as well as a group of 120 individuals without HIV as Controls (60 with insomnia \& 60 without insomnia), for a total sample size of 240 individuals.

You may qualify if:

  • HIV with Insomnia
  • Confirmed HIV diagnosis
  • currently a patient in the University of Alabama (UAB) 1917 HIV Clinic.
  • must be currently receiving stable antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • Meets the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for insomnia including sleep difficulty.
  • HIV Without Insomnia
  • Confirmed HIV diagnosis
  • currently a patient in the University of Alabama (UAB) 1917 HIV Clinic.
  • must be currently receiving stable antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • Does not meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for insomnia including sleep difficulty.
  • Non HIV with Insomnia
  • Confirmed Non HIV diagnosis and currently not a patient in the UAB 1917 HIV Clinic.
  • Meets DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for insomnia including sleep difficulty.
  • Non HIV Without Insomnia
  • Confirmed Non HIV diagnosis and currently not a patient in the UAB 1917 HIV Clinic.
  • +1 more criteria

You may not qualify if:

  • concurrent medical conditions that could confound
  • interpretation of sleep
  • pain
  • inflammatory issues or coexisting diseases
  • Systemic rheumatic disease/condition
  • uncontrolled hypertension (i.e., BP \> 150/95)
  • circulatory disorders (e.g., Reynaud's disease)
  • history of heart disease or cardiac events
  • history of cancer
  • asthma AND use of an inhaler
  • history of seizures
  • history of stroke or other neurological disorder
  • pregnancy
  • core body temperature \> 100 degrees Fahrenheit as this could indicate acute infection with fever; (k)
  • unwilling to provide blood for this study
  • +2 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

UAB

Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

  • Tenorio AR, Zheng Y, Bosch RJ, Krishnan S, Rodriguez B, Hunt PW, Plants J, Seth A, Wilson CC, Deeks SG, Lederman MM, Landay AL. Soluble markers of inflammation and coagulation but not T-cell activation predict non-AIDS-defining morbid events during suppressive antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dis. 2014 Oct 15;210(8):1248-59. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu254. Epub 2014 May 1.

    PMID: 24795473BACKGROUND
  • Goodin BR, Owens MA, Yessick LR, Rainey RL, Okunbor JI, White DM, Mushatt KA, Harmon OA, Heath SL, Merlin JS. Detectable Viral Load May Be Associated with Increased Pain Sensitivity in Persons Living with HIV: Preliminary Findings. Pain Med. 2017 Dec 1;18(12):2289-2295. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnx057.

    PMID: 28398572BACKGROUND
  • Merlin JS, Westfall AO, Heath SL, Goodin BR, Stewart JC, Sorge RE, Younger J. Brief Report: IL-1beta Levels Are Associated With Chronic Multisite Pain in People Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 Aug 1;75(4):e99-e103. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001377.

    PMID: 28328552BACKGROUND

Biospecimen

Retention: SAMPLES WITHOUT DNA

Serum and plasma

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

Interventions

DiagnosisCD4 Lymphocyte CountViral Load

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Sleep Disorders, IntrinsicDyssomniasSleep Wake DisordersNervous System DiseasesMental Disorders

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Lymphocyte CountLeukocyte CountBlood Cell CountCell CountCytological TechniquesClinical Laboratory TechniquesDiagnostic Techniques and ProceduresHematologic TestsInvestigative TechniquesCell Physiological PhenomenaBlood Physiological PhenomenaCirculatory and Respiratory Physiological PhenomenaMicrobiological TechniquesVirus Physiological PhenomenaMicrobiological Phenomena

Study Officials

  • Burel R Goodin, PHd

    University of Alabama at Birmingham

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
observational
Observational Model
CASE CONTROL
Time Perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 20, 2020

First Posted

March 6, 2020

Study Start

January 1, 2020

Primary Completion

July 31, 2025

Study Completion

July 31, 2025

Last Updated

September 17, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-09

Locations