NCT04033146

Brief Summary

The investigators seek to determine whether ankle exoskeletons can reduce metabolic energy expenditure during walking for users across the age-spectrum.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
16

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Feb 2020

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

July 23, 2019

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

July 25, 2019

Completed
6 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

February 4, 2020

Completed
3.3 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

May 23, 2023

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

May 23, 2023

Completed
1.1 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

June 21, 2024

Completed
Last Updated

June 21, 2024

Status Verified

June 1, 2024

Enrollment Period

3.3 years

First QC Date

July 23, 2019

Results QC Date

April 29, 2024

Last Update Submit

June 18, 2024

Conditions

Keywords

WalkingAgingExoskeleton Device

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Net Metabolic Rate (Watts/kg)

    The rate of metabolic energy that participants expend during a short walking bout in each of the experimental conditions.

    3rd session, up to 2 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Young Adult Exoskeleton Users

EXPERIMENTAL

Study participants who are 18-45 year old.

Device: Ankle Exoskeleton Assistance

Older Adult Exoskeleton Users

EXPERIMENTAL

Study participants who are greater than 65 years of age.

Device: Ankle Exoskeleton Assistance

Interventions

The investigators will use ankle-exoskeletons to modulate the amount of mechanical power generated by the user's ankle joint. That is, participants will walk in a robotic device that either (a) adds a spring or (b) a motor in parallel with their calf muscles to help them generate a stronger propulsive push-off that could reduce the effort of walking.

Older Adult Exoskeleton UsersYoung Adult Exoskeleton Users

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Subjects must be able to walk for 60 minutes in a 90-minute time frame.
  • Subjects are apparently free of cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal disease, which includes no signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular, metabolic or renal disease.
  • Subjects have no current musculoskeletal injury.
  • Subjects need to be either 18-45 or 65+ years old.
  • These criteria meet the American College of Sports Medicine's 2015 guidelines for participant health screening prior to joining a moderate or moderate-to-vigorous exercise protocol. (Riebe et al., 2015).

You may not qualify if:

  • Have dementia or an inability to give informed consent
  • Have a musculoskeletal injury or feel pain while walking
  • Have a history of dizziness and/or balance problems
  • Have cardiovascular, heart, metabolic, or renal disease, or respiratory problems
  • Smoke cigarettes
  • Asthma
  • Feel pain or discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, arms during rest or exercise
  • Have orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • Have ankle edema
  • Have palpitations or tachycardia
  • Have a heart murmur
  • Have had a heart attack
  • Have diabetes
  • Have a pace maker
  • Have unusual shortness of breath with usual activities
  • +2 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Physiology of Wearable Robotics Laboratory (Georgia Tech)

Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States

Location

Related Publications (37)

  • Asbeck AT, De Rossi SM, Holt KG, and Walsh CJ. A biologically inspired soft exosuit for walking assistance. The international journal of robotics research 34: 744-762, 2015.

    BACKGROUND
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  • Elliott G, Sawicki GS, Marecki A, Herr H. The biomechanics and energetics of human running using an elastic knee exoskeleton. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot. 2013 Jun;2013:6650418. doi: 10.1109/ICORR.2013.6650418.

    PMID: 24187237BACKGROUND
  • Farris DJ, Sawicki GS. The mechanics and energetics of human walking and running: a joint level perspective. J R Soc Interface. 2012 Jan 7;9(66):110-8. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0182. Epub 2011 May 25.

    PMID: 21613286BACKGROUND
  • Ferris DP, Sawicki GS, Domingo A. Powered lower limb orthoses for gait rehabilitation. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2005;11(2):34-49. doi: 10.1310/6gl4-um7x-519h-9jyd.

    PMID: 16568153BACKGROUND
  • Franz JR, Slane LC, Rasske K, Thelen DG. Non-uniform in vivo deformations of the human Achilles tendon during walking. Gait Posture. 2015 Jan;41(1):192-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 12.

    PMID: 25457482BACKGROUND
  • Gottschall JS, Kram R. Energy cost and muscular activity required for propulsion during walking. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 May;94(5):1766-72. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00670.2002. Epub 2002 Dec 27.

    PMID: 12506042BACKGROUND
  • Griffin TM, Tolani NA, Kram R. Walking in simulated reduced gravity: mechanical energy fluctuations and exchange. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Jan;86(1):383-90. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.383.

    PMID: 9887153BACKGROUND
  • Holt NC, Roberts TJ, Askew GN. The energetic benefits of tendon springs in running: is the reduction of muscle work important? J Exp Biol. 2014 Dec 15;217(Pt 24):4365-71. doi: 10.1242/jeb.112813. Epub 2014 Nov 13.

    PMID: 25394624BACKGROUND
  • Huang HJ, Kram R, Ahmed AA. Reduction of metabolic cost during motor learning of arm reaching dynamics. J Neurosci. 2012 Feb 8;32(6):2182-90. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4003-11.2012.

    PMID: 22323730BACKGROUND
  • Malcolm P, Derave W, Galle S, De Clercq D. A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056137. Epub 2013 Feb 13.

    PMID: 23418524BACKGROUND
  • Martin PE, Rothstein DE, Larish DD. Effects of age and physical activity status on the speed-aerobic demand relationship of walking. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992 Jul;73(1):200-6. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1992.73.1.200.

    PMID: 1506370BACKGROUND
  • Mian OS, Thom JM, Ardigo LP, Minetti AE, Narici MV. Gastrocnemius muscle-tendon behaviour during walking in young and older adults. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2007 Jan;189(1):57-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2006.01634.x.

    PMID: 17280557BACKGROUND
  • Mooney LM, Rouse EJ, Herr HM. Autonomous exoskeleton reduces metabolic cost of human walking during load carriage. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2014 May 9;11:80. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-11-80.

    PMID: 24885527BACKGROUND
  • Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, Duncan PW, Judge JO, King AC, Macera CA, Castaneda-Sceppa C; American College of Sports Medicine; American Heart Association. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007 Aug 28;116(9):1094-105. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185650. Epub 2007 Aug 1.

    PMID: 17671236BACKGROUND
  • Nuckols Rich DT, Sawicki Greg. Ultrasound measurements link soleus muscle dynamics and metabolic cost during human walking with elastic ankle exoskeletons. In Prep.

    BACKGROUND
  • Onambele GL, Narici MV, Maganaris CN. Calf muscle-tendon properties and postural balance in old age. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Jun;100(6):2048-56. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01442.2005. Epub 2006 Feb 2.

    PMID: 16455811BACKGROUND
  • Ortega JD, Beck ON, Roby JM, Turney AL, Kram R. Running for exercise mitigates age-related deterioration of walking economy. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 20;9(11):e113471. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113471. eCollection 2014.

    PMID: 25411850BACKGROUND
  • Ortega JD, Farley CT. Individual limb work does not explain the greater metabolic cost of walking in elderly adults. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Jun;102(6):2266-73. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00583.2006. Epub 2007 Mar 15.

    PMID: 17363623BACKGROUND
  • Ortega JO, Lindstedt SL, Nelson FE, Jubrias SA, Kushmerick MJ, Conley KE. Muscle force, work and cost: a novel technique to revisit the Fenn effect. J Exp Biol. 2015 Jul;218(Pt 13):2075-82. doi: 10.1242/jeb.114512. Epub 2015 May 11.

    PMID: 25964423BACKGROUND
  • Panizzolo FA, Green DJ, Lloyd DG, Maiorana AJ, Rubenson J. Soleus fascicle length changes are conserved between young and old adults at their preferred walking speed. Gait Posture. 2013 Sep;38(4):764-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.03.021. Epub 2013 May 1.

    PMID: 23642629BACKGROUND
  • Rall JA. Sense and nonsense about the Fenn effect. Am J Physiol. 1982 Jan;242(1):H1-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1982.242.1.H1.

    PMID: 7058903BACKGROUND
  • Rasske K, Thelen DG, Franz JR. Variation in the human Achilles tendon moment arm during walking. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2017 Feb;20(2):201-205. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2016.1213818. Epub 2016 Jul 27.

    PMID: 27460018BACKGROUND
  • Rubenson J, Pires NJ, Loi HO, Pinniger GJ, Shannon DG. On the ascent: the soleus operating length is conserved to the ascending limb of the force-length curve across gait mechanics in humans. J Exp Biol. 2012 Oct 15;215(Pt 20):3539-51. doi: 10.1242/jeb.070466. Epub 2012 Jul 5.

    PMID: 22771749BACKGROUND
  • Sawicki GS, Ferris DP. Mechanics and energetics of level walking with powered ankle exoskeletons. J Exp Biol. 2008 May;211(Pt 9):1402-13. doi: 10.1242/jeb.009241.

    PMID: 18424674BACKGROUND
  • Stanaway FF, Gnjidic D, Blyth FM, Le Couteur DG, Naganathan V, Waite L, Seibel MJ, Handelsman DJ, Sambrook PN, Cumming RG. How fast does the Grim Reaper walk? Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis in healthy men aged 70 and over. BMJ. 2011 Dec 15;343:d7679. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d7679.

    PMID: 22174324BACKGROUND
  • Stenroth L, Peltonen J, Cronin NJ, Sipila S, Finni T. Age-related differences in Achilles tendon properties and triceps surae muscle architecture in vivo. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012 Nov;113(10):1537-44. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00782.2012. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

    PMID: 23042907BACKGROUND
  • Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K, Rosano C, Faulkner K, Inzitari M, Brach J, Chandler J, Cawthon P, Connor EB, Nevitt M, Visser M, Kritchevsky S, Badinelli S, Harris T, Newman AB, Cauley J, Ferrucci L, Guralnik J. Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA. 2011 Jan 5;305(1):50-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1923.

    PMID: 21205966BACKGROUND
  • Takahashi KZ, Gross MT, van Werkhoven H, Piazza SJ, Sawicki GS. Adding Stiffness to the Foot Modulates Soleus Force-Velocity Behaviour during Human Walking. Sci Rep. 2016 Jul 15;6:29870. doi: 10.1038/srep29870.

    PMID: 27417976BACKGROUND
  • Takahashi KZ, Lewek MD, Sawicki GS. A neuromechanics-based powered ankle exoskeleton to assist walking post-stroke: a feasibility study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2015 Feb 25;12:23. doi: 10.1186/s12984-015-0015-7.

    PMID: 25889283BACKGROUND

Results Point of Contact

Title
Dr. Gregory S. Sawicki; Professor Mechanical Engineering
Organization
Georgia Insitute of Technology

Study Officials

  • Gregory S Sawicki, Ph.D.

    Georgia Institute of Technology

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
Yes

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NON RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
BASIC SCIENCE
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: All participants will perform the same trials/sessions to complete the entire protocol. After each participant has performed all trials for this study, the investigators will analyze the data of this repeated-measures design.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

July 23, 2019

First Posted

July 25, 2019

Study Start

February 4, 2020

Primary Completion

May 23, 2023

Study Completion

May 23, 2023

Last Updated

June 21, 2024

Results First Posted

June 21, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-06

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations