NCT03947775

Brief Summary

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Infection by certain high-risk oncogenic types of HPV (HR-HPV) is the major cause of several cancers in men, notably squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal. Rates of anal infection with these HR-HPV strains, and the resultant high-grade anal dysplasia and anal cancer are much higher in men who have sex with men (MSM) than in the general population. Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) further amplifies this burden, making the rates of anal SCC in HIV-positive MSM higher than the historic rates of cervical cancer prior to the adoption of routine cervical cytology screening. Despite these alarming statistics, there are no established protocols for optimal screening and treatment of anal HPV and cancer precursors, nor has there been any widespread rollout of organized screening programs anywhere in Canada. Further, not only does HPV directly cause significant disease in these men, but there is growing epidemiologic evidence that HPV infection may enhance sexual transmission of HIV. These significant knowledge gaps translate into fundamental deficiencies in care for HIV-positive MSM. The HPV Screening and Vaccine Evaluation in MSM (HPV-SAVE) study team was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) via its Boys' and Men's Health Team Grant Competition. It aims to recruit a large group of MSM from various Ontario and Vancouver clinics, in order to carry out a number of different studies. The HPV-SAVE team brings together community and internationally-recognized experts in HPV and HIV disease and mucosal immunology, to better define the optimal approaches for primary and secondary prevention and treatment of HPV-associated anal disease among HIV-positive MSM, and to explore biological mechanistic evidence regarding the potential role of HPV as a co-factor for HIV transmission. This will yield critical information which can lead to improvement in the health of MSM, and will provide a foundation on which to build large-scale screening and treatment trials on a national level. A key part of this research program involves an analysis of the potential role played by the HPV vaccine in the overall management of HIV-positive MSM. Planned vaccine-related projects include:

  • A mixed-methods analysis of the knowledge, attitudes, and acceptability of HPV vaccination amongst HIV-positive MSM, through quantitative (e.g. cross-sectional survey) and qualitative (e.g. in-depth interviews) means.
  • A comprehensive assessment of the 9-valent HPV vaccine in HIV-positive MSM, including safety and immunogenicity, as well as its potential role in secondary prevention of high-grade anal dysplasia. This is the study on which the current proposal is based.

Trial Health

43
At Risk

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Trial has exceeded expected completion date
Enrollment
228

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_2

Timeline
Completed

Started Sep 2022

Typical duration for phase_2

Geographic Reach
1 country

4 active sites

Status
not yet recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

May 9, 2019

Completed
4 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

May 13, 2019

Completed
3.3 years until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

September 1, 2022

Completed
3.5 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

March 1, 2026

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

May 1, 2026

Completed
Last Updated

June 13, 2022

Status Verified

June 1, 2022

Enrollment Period

3.5 years

First QC Date

May 9, 2019

Last Update Submit

June 9, 2022

Conditions

Keywords

Men who have sex with menHuman immunodeficiency virusHuman papillomavirusVaccineGardasilAnal Intraepithelial NeoplasiaAnal Cancer9-valent

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • The proportion of participants in each arm with biopsy-proven HGAIN (AIN-2/3).

    Secondary Prevention. "Successful treatment" refers to a biopsy-proven HGAIN lesion treated with ablative therapy electrocautery (EC) with repeat biopsy of the same lesion 2-3 months thereafter demonstrating no further evidence of HGAIN (meaning that the follow-up biopsy is either AIN-1 or normal).

    24 months, following successful treatment of HGAIN

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • The geometric mean titres (GMT) of antibody to each vaccine type above a pre-specified, validated cut-off. F

    24 months, following successful treatment of HGAIN

Other Outcomes (1)

  • Change in anal carriage of vaccine HPV types. Repeated detection of anal HPV will indicate the duration of carriage. This will be compared between the early and delayed vaccine groups.

    24 months

Study Arms (2)

Immediate Vaccination

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of dose #1 of 9-valent HPV vaccination will be given at baseline visit, dose #2 at month 2, and dose #3 at month 6.

Drug: 9-valent HPV vaccination

Delayed Vaccination

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Administration of dose #1 of 9-valent HPV vaccination will be given at month 12, dose #2 at month 14, and dose #3 at month 18.

Drug: 9-valent HPV vaccination

Interventions

Gardasil-9 is a novel, 9-valent HPV recombinant vaccine, which expands the coverage of oncogenic HPV types, with the addition of HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 to the existing quadrivalent vaccine types. The addition of these five oncogenic types is estimated to improve cancer coverage to 90% (versus 70% for the quadrivalent vaccine) \[38\]. With its expanded coverage of oncogenic HPV types, its proven efficacy in primary prevention and its potential role in mitigating HGAIN recurrences.

Also known as: Gardasil-9
Delayed VaccinationImmediate Vaccination

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexmale(Gender-based eligibility)
Gender Eligibility DetailsHistory of any sexual activity with men, or both men and women, where sexual activity is defined as oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse.
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Males, aged ≥ 18 years at baseline;
  • Physician or laboratory documentation of HIV-1 infection (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay \[ELISA\] and Western Blot);
  • AIN-2 or -3 found on biopsy of anal canal lesion(s), and willingness of the subject to undergo ablative therapy which is standard of care in most screening clinics;
  • History of any sexual activity with men, or both men and women, where sexual activity is defined as oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse;
  • For those on cART, the participant must be on a stable regimen (i.e. virologically suppressed with HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) below the assay's limit of detection for minimum six months). This will minimize confounding from dramatic shifts in viral load and/or cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count;
  • For those individuals that are not on cART, there must be no immediate plans to initiate cART in the next six months. There will be no lower limit cut-off for CD4 count;
  • An ability to give informed consent;
  • An ability to attend clinic for all study visits.

You may not qualify if:

  • Known hypersensitivity to any component of the HPV vaccine (e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, Amorphous Aluminium Hydroxyphosphate Sulfate adjuvant);
  • Current or prior history of cancer of the anogenital regions (e.g. penile, anal, or rectal) or of the oropharyngeal area (e.g. oral cavity, upper airway).
  • Previous HPV immunization.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (4)

BC Centre for Disease Control

Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4R4, Canada

Location

University of British Columbia

Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada

Location

Ottawa Hospital Research Institute

Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4E9, Canada

Location

University Health Network - Toronto General Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada

Location

Related Publications (5)

  • Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, Aschman DJ, Holmberg SD. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 26;338(13):853-60. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199803263381301.

    PMID: 9516219BACKGROUND
  • Hammer SM, Eron JJ Jr, Reiss P, Schooley RT, Thompson MA, Walmsley S, Cahn P, Fischl MA, Gatell JM, Hirsch MS, Jacobsen DM, Montaner JS, Richman DD, Yeni PG, Volberding PA; International AIDS Society-USA. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2008 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA. 2008 Aug 6;300(5):555-70. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.5.555.

    PMID: 18677028BACKGROUND
  • Chiao EY, Krown SE, Stier EA, Schrag D. A population-based analysis of temporal trends in the incidence of squamous anal canal cancer in relation to the HIV epidemic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Dec 1;40(4):451-5. doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000159669.80207.12.

    PMID: 16280701BACKGROUND
  • Swedish KA, Factor SH, Goldstone SE. Prevention of recurrent high-grade anal neoplasia with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination of men who have sex with men: a nonconcurrent cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;54(7):891-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir1036. Epub 2012 Jan 30.

    PMID: 22291111BACKGROUND
  • Joura EA, Garland SM, Paavonen J, Ferris DG, Perez G, Ault KA, Huh WK, Sings HL, James MK, Haupt RM; FUTURE I and II Study Group. Effect of the human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine in a subgroup of women with cervical and vulvar disease: retrospective pooled analysis of trial data. BMJ. 2012 Mar 27;344:e1401. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e1401.

    PMID: 22454089BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Anus NeoplasmsHomosexualityAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Rectal NeoplasmsColorectal NeoplasmsIntestinal NeoplasmsGastrointestinal NeoplasmsDigestive System NeoplasmsNeoplasms by SiteNeoplasmsDigestive System DiseasesGastrointestinal DiseasesIntestinal DiseasesAnus DiseasesRectal DiseasesSexualitySexual BehaviorBehaviorHIV InfectionsBlood-Borne InfectionsCommunicable DiseasesInfectionsSexually Transmitted Diseases, ViralSexually Transmitted DiseasesLentivirus InfectionsRetroviridae InfectionsRNA Virus InfectionsVirus DiseasesSlow Virus DiseasesGenital DiseasesUrogenital DiseasesImmunologic Deficiency SyndromesImmune System Diseases

Study Officials

  • Irving Salit, MD

    Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 2
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: This will be a randomized, open-label multicentre clinical trial consisting of two arms (immediate versus delayed vaccination) assessing the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of the 9-valent recombinant HPV vaccine in HIV-positive males 18 years of age and older. The delayed arm will receive Gardasil-9 12 months after the immediate arm. Similarly, appropriate follow-ups and testing in the delayed arm will occur 12 months after the immediate arm. Participants for the proposed study will be recruited from Canadian centres in Toronto, and Vancouver through ongoing projects making up our HPV-SAVE team grant. Other study sites may be added as the study progresses.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Immunodeficiency Clinic, Toronto General Hospital

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

May 9, 2019

First Posted

May 13, 2019

Study Start

September 1, 2022

Primary Completion

March 1, 2026

Study Completion

May 1, 2026

Last Updated

June 13, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-06

Locations