Learning Brushing Using Game Elements in Mobile Phones Apps

NCT03935009 | Unknown

• 1 other identifier: UM2019
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 100
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 2

Brief Summary

The study aims to compare the efficacy of using gamification for oral hygiene in children at home environment.

Conditions

Oral Hygiene; Dental Plaque; Children, Only; Dental Devices, Home Care; Motivation; Learning

Keywords

Oral hygiene; Dental Plaque; Brushing; Flossing; Gamification; Game elements; Motivation; Education; Children; Parents

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

• Control 1: Intrinsic motivation

  The investigators will be using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) for measuring the participant intrinsic motivation (McAuley, Duncan, \& Tammen, 1987). The IMI will have in total 37 items, measured on a 7-point scale.

  Baseline

• Control 1: Oral hygiene index

  The investigators will be using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) for measuring the participant debris Index (DI) and Calculus Index (CI) (Greene and Vermillion, 1960). Each index has a scale from 0 to 3. After the scores for DI and CI are recorded, the OHI (OHI range from 0 to 12) values are calculated. Higher the OHI, poorer is the oral hygiene of the participant.

  Baseline

• Control 2: Intrinsic motivation

  The investigators will be using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) for measuring the participant intrinsic motivation (McAuley, Duncan, \& Tammen, 1987). The IMI will have in total 37 items, measured on a 7-point scale.

  Two weeks after baseline

• Control 2: Oral hygiene index

  The investigators will be using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) for measuring the participant debris Index (DI) and Calculus Index (CI) (Greene and Vermillion, 1960). Each index has a scale from 0 to 3. After the scores for DI and CI are recorded, the OHI (OHI range from 0 to 12) values are calculated. Higher the OHI, poorer is the oral hygiene of the participant.

  Two weeks after baseline

• Control 3: Intrinsic motivation

  The investigators will be using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) for measuring the participant intrinsic motivation (McAuley, Duncan, \& Tammen, 1987). The IMI will have in total 37 items, measured on a 7-point scale.

  Six weeks after baseline

• Control 3: Oral hygiene index

  The investigators will be using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) for measuring the participant debris Index (DI) and Calculus Index (CI) (Greene and Vermillion, 1960). Each index has a scale from 0 to 3. After the scores for DI and CI are recorded, the OHI (OHI range from 0 to 12) values are calculated. Higher the OHI, poorer is the oral hygiene of the participant.

  Six weeks after baseline

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Oral hygiene knowledge of participants 1

  Baseline

• Oral hygiene knowledge of participants 2

  Six weeks after baseline

Other Outcomes (2)

• Indirect influence on oral hygiene of participants 1

  Baseline

• Indirect influence on oral hygiene of participants 2

  Six weeks after baseline

Study Arms (3)

Manual toothbrush with electric toothbrush N°1

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will receive manual toothbrush (Curaprox 5460 ultra soft, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Chomper Chums) and an electric toothbrush N°1 (Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Playbrush App) and will be instructed to use them for six weeks.

Behavioral: Manual toothbrush Curaprox 5460 ultra soft; Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°1

Manual toothbrush with electric toothbrush N°2

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will receive manual toothbrush (Curaprox 5460 ultra soft, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Chomper Chums) and an electric toothbrush N°2 (Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Utoothia) and will be instructed to use them for six weeks.

Behavioral: Manual toothbrush Curaprox 5460 ultra soft; Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°2

Electric toothbrush N°1 with electric toothbrush N°2

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will receive an electric toothbrush N°1 (Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Playbrush App) and an electric toothbrush N°2 (Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Utoothia) and will be instructed to use them for six weeks.

Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°1; Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°2

Interventions

Manual toothbrush Curaprox 5460 ultra soft BEHAVIORAL

Soft manual toothbrush (Curaprox 5460 ultra soft) and Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Chomper Chumswill will be used to brush teeth.

Manual toothbrush with electric toothbrush N°1; Manual toothbrush with electric toothbrush N°2

Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°1 BEHAVIORAL

Electric toothbrush (Play Smart Brush N°1) and Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Playbrush App will be used to brush teeth.

Electric toothbrush N°1 with electric toothbrush N°2; Manual toothbrush with electric toothbrush N°1

Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°2 BEHAVIORAL

Electric toothbrush (Play Smart Brush N°2) and Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Utoothia will be used to brush teeth.

Electric toothbrush N°1 with electric toothbrush N°2; Manual toothbrush with electric toothbrush N°2

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 10 Years - 14 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)

You may qualify if:

• Children with secondary dentition (not completed);
• Children age 10 years and above and don't have mental or physical disabilities;
• Children brushing teeth by themselves;
• Children using manual or electric toothbrush;
• Children using a mobile phone;

You may not qualify if:

• Children with the fixed orthodontic appliance;
• Children above 14 years;

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University Maribor: lead
• Playbrush GmbH: collaborator
• Flegis d.o.o.: collaborator
• Middle-sized public primary school Videm pri Ptuju: collaborator

Study Sites (2)

University Maribor

Maribor, 2000, Slovenia

RECRUITING

University of Maribor Faculty of health sciences

Maribor, 2000, Slovenia

RECRUITING

Related Publications (16)

• Acharya S, Goyal A, Utreja AK, Mohanty U. Effect of three different motivational techniques on oral hygiene and gingival health of patients undergoing multibracketed orthodontics. Angle Orthod. 2011 Sep;81(5):884-8. doi: 10.2319/112210-680.1. Epub 2011 May 25.

  PMID: 21612316 BACKGROUND

• Kotha SB, Alabdulaali RA, Dahy WT, Alkhaibari YR, Albaraki ASM, Alghanim AF. The Influence of Oral Health Knowledge on Parental Practices among the Saudi Parents of Children Aged 2-6 Years in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018 Nov-Dec;8(6):565-571. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_341_18. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

  PMID: 30596050 BACKGROUND

• Marshman Z, Ahern SM, McEachan RRC, Rogers HJ, Gray-Burrows KA, Day PF. Parents' Experiences of Toothbrushing with Children: A Qualitative Study. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2016 Jul;1(2):122-130. doi: 10.1177/2380084416647727. Epub 2016 Apr 26.

  PMID: 28879241 BACKGROUND

• Harnacke D, Mitter S, Lehner M, Munzert J, Deinzer R. Improving oral hygiene skills by computer-based training: a randomized controlled comparison of the modified Bass and the Fones techniques. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37072. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037072. Epub 2012 May 21.

  PMID: 22629353 BACKGROUND

• Credé M, Phillips LA. A meta-analytic review of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Learning and individual differences 21(4): 337-46, 2011.

  BACKGROUND

• Pan N, Cai L, Xu C, Guan H, Jin Y. Oral health knowledge, behaviors and parental practices among rural-urban migrant children in Guangzhou: a follow-up study. BMC Oral Health. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0385-2.

  PMID: 28592239 BACKGROUND

• Soltani R, Ali Eslami A, Mahaki B, Alipoor M, Sharifirad G. Do maternal oral health-related self-efficacy and knowledge influence oral hygiene behavior of their children?. International Journal of Pediatrics 4(7): 2035-42, 2016.

  BACKGROUND

• Wilson A, Brega AG, Batliner TS, Henderson W, Campagna EJ, Fehringer K, Gallegos J, Daniels D, Albino J. Assessment of parental oral health knowledge and behaviors among American Indians of a Northern Plains tribe. J Public Health Dent. 2014 Spring;74(2):159-67. doi: 10.1111/jphd.12040. Epub 2013 Oct 9.

  PMID: 24117628 BACKGROUND

• Wilson M, Morgan M. A survey of children's toothbrushing habits in Wales: Are parents following the guidelines?. Journal of Health Visiting 4(2):95-9, 2016.

  BACKGROUND

• GREENE JC, VERMILLION JR. THE SIMPLIFIED ORAL HYGIENE INDEX. J Am Dent Assoc. 1964 Jan;68:7-13. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1964.0034. No abstract available.

  PMID: 14076341 BACKGROUND

• Poutanen R, Lahti S, Seppa L, Tolvanen M, Hausen H. Oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and family characteristics among Finnish schoolchildren with and without active initial caries lesions. Acta Odontol Scand. 2007 Apr;65(2):87-96. doi: 10.1080/00016350601058077.

  PMID: 17453426 BACKGROUND

• McAuley E, Duncan T, Tammen VV. Psychometric properties of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory in a competitive sport setting: a confirmatory factor analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1989 Mar;60(1):48-58. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1989.10607413.

  PMID: 2489825 BACKGROUND

• D'Cruz AM, Aradhya S. Impact of oral health education on oral hygiene knowledge, practices, plaque control and gingival health of 13- to 15-year-old school children in Bangalore city. Int J Dent Hyg. 2013 May;11(2):126-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2012.00563.x. Epub 2012 Jun 30.

  PMID: 22747831 BACKGROUND

• de Silva-Sanigorski A, Ashbolt R, Green J, Calache H, Keith B, Riggs E, Waters E. Parental self-efficacy and oral health-related knowledge are associated with parent and child oral health behaviors and self-reported oral health status. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013 Aug;41(4):345-52. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12019. Epub 2012 Nov 17.

  PMID: 23157162 BACKGROUND

• Eden E, Akyildiz M, Sonmez I. Comparison of Two School-Based Oral Health Education Programs in 9-Year-Old Children. Int Q Community Health Educ. 2019 Apr;39(3):189-196. doi: 10.1177/0272684X18819980. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

  PMID: 30577724 BACKGROUND

• Kumar SR, Narayanan MA, Jayanthi D. Comparison of oral hygiene status before and after health education among 12-18-year-old patients. Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry 14(2):121, 2016.

  BACKGROUND

Related Links

• Official questionnaire about intrinsic motivation which will be used for measure motivation for learning oral hygiene.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Dental Plaque

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Dental Deposits; Tooth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases

Study Officials

• Nino Fijacko

  University Maribor

  STUDY CHAIR

Central Study Contacts

Nino Fijacko

CONTACT

+38623004764; nino.fijacko@um.si

Gregor Stiglic

CONTACT

+38623004731; gregor.stiglic@um.si

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Teaching assistant

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 16, 2019
• First Posted: May 2, 2019
• Study Start: May 1, 2019
• Primary Completion: July 1, 2019
• Study Completion: December 1, 2019
• Last Updated: May 2, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP
• Time Frame: IPD will be available after publishing an article in the journal.
• Access Criteria: No special criteria.

Locations

SL (2)