Lung Impedetiometric Modification in SBT and Extubation Failure

NCT03894332 | Completed FDA Device

• 1 other identifier: CPAP2EIT
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 80
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

Weaning is the entire process aimed at liberating patients from mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation. Weaning should be considered as early as possible in order to reduce the time spent in invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV), which is associated with morbidity and mortality. To verify if patients are ready to be extubated, a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is performed. At this stage some clinical indices and objective parameters are evaluated, such as the breathing pattern, gas exchange, haemodynamic stability and patient's comfort. In case of SBT success, the patient can be extubated. However, a post-extubation respiratory failure can occur within the first 48 hours after extubation, thus making extubation unsuccessful. Some patients considered at risk for post-extubation respiratory failure benefit from the application of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) after extubation. Early characterization of these patients is crucial to improve their clinical outcomes. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) has been introduced in clinical practice as a non-invasive bedside monitoring tool to evaluate the aeration and ventilation of different lung regions. EIT has been proposed to guide ventilator settings adjustments in critically ill patients and to monitor prolonged weaning. However, the potential of EIT to assess SBT and after extubation in a general ICU population has never been evaluated insofar. The present study aims to describe the modifications of lung aeration, ventilation and inhomogeneity occurring during SBT and after extubation in a general population of critically ill patients at the first SBT attempt.

Conditions

Weaning Failure; Mechanical Ventilation Complication

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (13)

• Change of end-expiratory lung impedance (dEELI) from baseline at first 5 minute of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT_0)

  change from baseline, expressed in mL, of the end expiratory lung volume as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 5 minutes of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT)

• Change of end-expiratory lung impedance (dEELI) from baseline at last 5 minute of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT_30)

  change from baseline, expressed in mL, of the end expiratory lung volume as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At the last 5 minutes of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT)

• Change of end-expiratory lung impedance (dEELI) from baseline at first 5 minute after extubation (SB_0)

  change from baseline, expressed in mL, of the end expiratory lung volume as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 5 minutes after extubation

• Change of end-expiratory lung impedance (dEELI) from baseline at last 30 minute after extubation (SB_30)

  change from baseline, expressed in mL, of the end expiratory lung volume as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 30 minutes after extubation

• Change of tidal volume in percentage (dVt%) from baseline at last 5 minute of SBT (SBT_0)

  change from baseline, expressed in percentage, of the end expiratory lung volume as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 5 minutes of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT_0)

• Change of tidal volume in percentage (dVt%) from baseline from baseline at 30 minute of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT_30)

  change from baseline, expressed in percentage, of the end expiratory lung volume as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At the last 5 minutes of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) (SBT_30)

• Change of tidal volume in percentage (dVt%) from baseline after 5 minutes from extubation (SB_0)

  change from baseline, expressed in percentage, of the end expiratory lung volume as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 5 minutes after extubation (SB_0)

• Change of tidal volume in percentage (dVt%) from baseline at last 30 minute after extubation (SB_30)

  change from baseline, expressed in percentage, of the end expiratory lung volume as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 30 minutes after extubation (SB_30)

• Inhomogeneity Index (GI) at baseline

  Inhomogeneity Index (GI) as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At baseline during Pressure Support Ventilation

• Inhomogeneity Index (GI) after 5 minutes of the Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT_0)

  Inhomogeneity Index (GI) as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 5 minutes of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT_0)

• Inhomogeneity Index (GI) after 30 minutes of the Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT_30)

  Inhomogeneity Index (GI) as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 30 minutes of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT_30)

• Inhomogeneity Index (GI) after 5 minutes from extubation (SB_0)

  Inhomogeneity Index (GI) as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 5 minutes after extubation (SB_0)

• Inhomogeneity Index (GI) after 30 minutes from extubation (SB_30)

  Inhomogeneity Index (GI) as assessed through electrical impedance tomography

  At 30 minutes after extubation (SB_30)

Secondary Outcomes (8)

• Arterial Blood Gases at baseline

  At baseline during Pressure Support Ventilation

• Arterial Blood Gases at SBT_30

  At 30 minutes of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT_30)

• Arterial Blood Gases at SB_30

  At 30 minutes after extubation (SB_30)

• the ratio between respiratory rate (RR) and tidal volume (Vt) (RR/Vt) at baseline

  At baseline during Pressure Support Ventilation

• the ratio between respiratory rate (RR) and tidal volume (Vt) (RR/Vt) at 5 minutes of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT_0)

  At 5 minutes of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT_0)

Study Arms (4)

SBT Success

Patients took part of this cohort when succeeding the Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT).

Diagnostic Test: Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

SBT Failure

Patients took part of this cohort when failing the Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT). SBT Failure is defined by one or more of the following criteria occurring during the SBT: 1. loss of ≥ 2 points of Glasgow Coma Scale 2. respiratory rate/ tidal volume ≥105 breaths/min/L 3. arterial partial pressure of oxygen ≤60 mmHg on inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) ≥0.5 and/or pH \<7.32 or a decrease in pH ≥0.07 units at the end of the SBT 4. systolic Blood Pressure \<90 mmHg or ≥180 mmHg or increased by ≥20% 5. Heart Rate \>140 beats/min or increased by 20% 6. onset of major heart arrhythmias, or electrocardiographic signs of cardiac ischemia 7. Respiratory Rate ≥35 breaths/min or increased by ≥50% 8. increased effort, respiratory distress (as indicated by diaphoresis, accessory respiratory muscles recruitment, facial signs of distress and/or paradoxical breath)

Diagnostic Test: Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Extubation Success

Patients took part of this cohort when, after extubation, did not need continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP), non invasive ventilation (NIV) or reintubation within 48 hours.

Diagnostic Test: Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Extubation Failure

Need for continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP), non invasive ventilation (NIV) or reintubation within 48 hours from extubation, as defined by: 1. Respiratory Rate \>25 breaths/min for 2 hours 2. Heart Rate \>140 beats/min or sustained increase or decrease \>20% 3. clinical signs of respiratory muscle failure 4. arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) \<80 mmHg on inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) ≥50% 5. Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide \>45 mmHg with pH \<7.33

Diagnostic Test: Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Interventions

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

After enrollment, a silicon EIT belt of proper size with 16 electrodes was placed around the patient's chest between the 4th and 6th intercostal spaces, and connected to the EIT device. All patients were ventilated in Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) mode, with a dedicated ventilator connected to the EIT device. We acquired 5-min EIT data records at baseline (during PSV), during the first (SBT\_0) and the last (SBT\_30) 5 minutes of SBT, and, when the patient was extubated, during spontaneous breathing soon after (SB\_0) and 30 minutes after extubation (SB\_30). EIT and ventilator data were recorded at a sample of 20 Hz. The last 3 minutes of each record were analyzed. We measured respiratory rate (RR); Vt changes from baseline, expressed as percent (dVt%); dEELI variations from baseline, expressed in mL; the Global Inhomogeneity index (GI); Impedance ratio (IR) and the Center of Ventilation (CoV).

Extubation Failure; Extubation Success; SBT Failure; SBT Success

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

We considered eligible any critically ill patient ≥18 years receiving invasive Mechanical Ventilation for at least 48 hours through an orotracheal tube, ready for the first Spontaneous Breathing Trial attempt, and met at least one criteria for increased risk of extubation failure.

You may qualify if:

• Glasgow Coma Scale ≥8
• presence of clearly audible cough during suctioning with need for tracheal suctioning ≤2/hour
• normal sodium blood values
• core temperature \<38.5° during the previous 8 hours
• Arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2) ≥200 mmHg, with a Positive End Expiratory Pressure ≤5 cmH2O and FiO2 ≤0.4
• stable cardiovascular status (i.e., HR ≤140 beats/min, sBP between 90 and 160 mmHg without need for vasopressin, epinephrine or norepinephrine infusion, or with dopamine or dobutamine infusion ≤5 mcg/kg/min)
• cuff leak volume \>110 mL

You may not qualify if:

• major heart arrhythmias or cardiac ischemia
• pneumothorax or emphysema
• recent (1 week) thoracic surgery
• presence of chest burns
• pregnancy

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University Magna Graecia: lead

Related Publications (16)

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  PMID: 31410738 DERIVED

Study Officials

• Federico Longhini

  Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Mater Domini, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE CONTROL
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 10, 2019
• First Posted: March 28, 2019
• Study Start: June 1, 2015
• Primary Completion: June 27, 2016
• Study Completion: June 30, 2016
• Last Updated: March 29, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ANALYTIC CODE
• Time Frame: Data will be available from paper publication without any closing data