NCT03855163

Brief Summary

This study evaluates the effects of the Labour Inspection Authority's regulatory tools on workplace exposures to prevent employee ill health. Norwegian municipal enterprises with employees in the home care sector have been randomized to three different experimental groups and to one control group. We hypothesize a significant lower level of work environmental exposures and health complaints, after adjusting for pre-intervention measures, in the experimental groups compared to the control group.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
2,555

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2019

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

130 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 15, 2019

Completed
11 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

February 26, 2019

Completed
7 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 5, 2019

Completed
1.7 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

November 30, 2020

Completed
1.2 years until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

February 25, 2022

Completed
Last Updated

May 6, 2022

Status Verified

May 1, 2022

Enrollment Period

1.7 years

First QC Date

February 15, 2019

Last Update Submit

May 5, 2022

Conditions

Keywords

Mental DistressMusculoskeletal PainWork-relatedCluster Randomized TrialEffect Evaluation

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

  • Changes in self reported occupational exposures

    Psychosocial, organizational and mechanical factors at work will be assessed by the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPSNordic) and with items adapted from the following questionnaire developed by Statistics Norway: "Working environment, survey on living conditions". The wording of the questions are typically: "how often in your job do you have to … " (e.g. suppress emotions in order to appear neutral on the outside?), or "In the course of your work" ... (e.g. do you need to squat or kneel?). Level of exposure is assessed by frequency scoring on a five-point scale ranging from "1 = very seldom or never" to "5 = very often or always"

    Self-Reported Occupational Exposures will be assessed 2 months prior to the interventions and 12 months post interventions

  • Changes in psychological distress HSCL-5

    Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-5), is a self-administered 5-item instrument, each item is on a four-point scale ranging from 1="not at all" to 4="extremely". Participants are asked to assess symptoms during the past 2 weeks prior to answering the questionnaire. The average item score is calculated by dividing the total score of the number of items answered (ranging between 1.00 and 4.00).

    Psychological Distress will be assessed 2 months prior to the interventions and 12 months post interventions

  • Changes in musculoskeletal pain

    Self-reported intensity of pain in five anatomic sites; neck, shoulder, back, arm, and leg. Each question is phrased: "Have you been troubled by… (e.g. neck pain) the last 4 weeks? Response alternatives are: 1) "not troubled", 2) "a little troubled", 3) "rather intensely troubled" and 4)" very intensely troubled"

    Musculoskeletal Pain will be assessed 2 months prior to the interventions and 12 months post interventions

  • Changes in physician-certified absence from work, number of events (17 days or more) per 100 employee-years

    Data from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration's sickness benefit register. This register provides complete registrations of all sickness absence episodes-including the length and medical diagnosis-which are compensated by the national insurance sickness benefit. As a general rule, everybody working or living in Norway is covered by the Norwegian national social insurance.

    The absence rate will be assessed during the one year prior to the interventions and during the one year after the interventions

Study Arms (4)

Inspection visits

EXPERIMENTAL

Regulatory tool to ensure enterprise compliance with legal requirements

Behavioral: Inspection visits

Guidance workshops

EXPERIMENTAL

Regulatory tool applied to inform and advise enterprises on legal requirements and how to realize compliance with such requirements

Behavioral: Guidance workshops

Online risk assessment tool

EXPERIMENTAL

Regulatory tool applied to aid enterprises in conducting written objectives concerning health, environment and safety activities

Behavioral: Online risk assessment tool

Control group

NO INTERVENTION

The Labour Inspection Authority will not preform any intervention activities in enterprises assign to the control group

Interventions

Normative intervention aimed at enforcing compliance with legal occupational health and safety requirements

Inspection visits

Pedagogical intervention aimed to motivate managers and employee representatives to comply with legal occupational health and safety requirements

Guidance workshops

Pedagogical intervention aimed to motivate managers and employee representatives to comply with legal occupational health and safety requirements

Online risk assessment tool

Eligibility Criteria

Age16 Years - 67 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • All employees in municipal enterprises that provide home care services with a minimum of 20 employees and a maximum of 100 employees.

You may not qualify if:

  • Employees in municipal enterprises that have received an inspection from the Labour Inspectorate in the years 2017 and 2018.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (130)

Hjemmetjenesten i Tysvær kommune

Tysvær, Aksdal, 5575, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Averøy kommune

Vebenstad, Averøy, 6530, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Evenes kommune

Evenes, Bogen, 8539, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Dønna kommune

Dønnes, Dønna, 8820, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Åsnes kommune

Åsnes, Flisa, 2270, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Luster kommune

Luster, Gaupne, 6868, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Nannestad kommune

Teigebyen, Nannestad, 2030, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Storfjord kommune

Storfjord, Oteren, 9046, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Åmot kommune

Åmot, Rena, 2450, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Rendalen kommune

Redalen, Rendalen, 2484, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Råde kommune

Moss, Råde, 1640, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Gloppen kommune

Vereide, Sandane, 6823, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Skjåk kommune

Skår, Skjåk, 2690, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sund kommune

Sund, Skogsvåg, 5371, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Smøla kommune

Smørås, Smøla, 6570, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Stord kommune

Leirvik, Stord, 5402, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Trøgstad kommune

Mysen, Trøgstad, 1860, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Giske kommune

Ålesund, Valderøya, 6050, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Vang kommune

Vang, Valdres, 2975, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Vega kommune

Nordland, Vega, 8980, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Lindesnes kommune

Linnes, Vest-Agder, 4524, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Andøy kommune

Andenes, 8483, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Askvoll kommune

Askvoll, 6988, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Aure kommune

Aure, 6689, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Aurland kommune

Aurland, 1421, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Ål kommune

Ål, 3570, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Åmli kommune

Åmli, 4865, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Årdal kommune

Årdalstangen, 6885, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Ballangen kommune

Ballangen, 8540, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Aurskog Høland kommune

Bjørkelangen, 1940, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Kvæfjord kommune

Borkenes, 9475, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Haram kommune

Brattvåg, 6270, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Hasvik kommune

Breivikbotn, 9593, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Time kommune

Bryne, 4349, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Kvænangen kommune

Burfjord, 9161, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Bø

Bø, 3833, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Nordre Land kommune

Dokka, 2882, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Drammen kommune

Drammen, 3015, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Drangedal kommune

Drangedal, 3750, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Frogn kommune

Drøbak, 1443, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Eide kommune

Eide, 6490, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Gulen kommune

Eivindvik, 5966, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Elverum kommune

Elverum, 2408, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Skånland kommune

Evenskjer, 9439, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Evje og Hornnes kommune

Evje, 4735, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Nord-Aurdal kommune

Fagernes, 2900, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Fauske kommune

Fauske, 8200, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Fedje kommune

Fedje, 5947, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Flekkefjord kommune

Flekkefjord, 4400, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Herøy kommune

Fosnavåg, 6699, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Fyresdal kommune

Fyresdal, 3870, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Gjerstad kommune

Gjerstad, 4980, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Gol kommune

Gol, 3550, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Hareid kommune

Hareid, 6060, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Øvre Eiker kommune

Hokksund, 3301, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Søndre Land kommune

Hov, 2860, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Ringerike kommune

Hønefoss, 3502, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Iveland kommune

Iveland, 4724, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Ullensaker kommune

Jessheim, 2051, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Jevnaker kommune

Jevnaker, 3520, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Strand kommune

Jørpeland, 4100, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Grue kommune

Kirkenær, 2661, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Klepp kommune

Kleppe, 4352, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Hemnes kommune

Korgen, 8646, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Kragerø kommune

Kragerø, 3791, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Kvinesdal kommune

Kvinesdal, 4480, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Bamble kommune

Langesund, 3993, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sande kommune Møre og Romsdal

Larsnes, 6084, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Leikanger kommune

Leikanger, 6863, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Steigen kommune

Leinesfjorden, 8283, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Leirfjord kommune

Leirfjord, 8890, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Vestvågøy kommune

Leknes, 8376, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Lesja kommune

Lesja, 2665, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Lillesand

Lillesand, 4790, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Osterøy kommune

Lonevåg, 5282, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Lærdal kommune

Lærdal, 6886, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Løten kommune

Løten, 2341, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Midsund kommune

Midsund, 6475, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Rana kommune

Mo i Rana, 8622, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Målselv kommune

Moen, 9321, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Vefsen kommune

Mosjøen, 8657, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Eidsberg kommune

Mysen, 1850, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Nes kommune Buskerud

Nesbyen, 3540, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Songdalen kommune

Nodeland, 4685, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Kvam kommune

Norheimsund, 5600, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Notodden kommune

Notodden, 3672, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Odda kommune

Odda, 5750, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sel kommune

Otta, 2670, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sigdal kommune

Prestfoss, 3350, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Rakkestad kommune

Rakkestad, 1891, Norway

Location

Randaberg kommune

Randaberg, 4070, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Re kommune

Re, 3164, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Risør kommune

Risør, 4952, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Tinn kommune

Rjukan, 3661, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Kvinnherad kommune

Rosendal, 5470, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Lunner kommune

Røa, 2740, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Nore og Uvdal kommune

Rødberg, 3630, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Hole kommune

Røyse, 3530, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Nord-Odal kommune

Sagstua, 2120, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Suldal kommune

Sand, 4230, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sauda kommune

Sauda, 4200, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Hjartdal kommune

Sauland, 3692, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Selje kommune

Selje, 6740, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Seljord kommune

Seljord, 3840, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sør-Odal kommune

Skarnes, 2100, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Hvaler kommune

Skjærhalden, 1680, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sola kommune

Sola, 4097, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Spydeberg kommune

Spydeberg, 1820, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Stordal kommune

Stordal, 6250, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Nordreisa kommune

Storslett, 9156, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sørfold kommune

Straumen, 8226, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Bø kommune Nordland

Straumsjøen, 8475, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sunndal kommune

Sunndalsøra, 6601, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sveio kommune

Sveio, 5559, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Vågan kommune

Svolvær, 8300, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sykkylven kommune

Sykkylven, 6230, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Sørreisa kommune

Sørreisa, 9310, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Tvedestrand kommune

Tvedestrand, 4901, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Tynset kommune

Tynset, 2500, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Samnanger kommune

Tysse, 5660, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Tysnes kommune

Uggdal, 5686, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Vennesla kommune

Vennesla, 4701, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Vinje kommune

Vinje, 3890, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Nord-Fron kommune

Vinstra, 2640, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Volda kommune

Volda, 6100, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Vindafjord kommune

Ølen, 5580, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Marker kommune

Ørje, 1870, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Meløy kommune

Ørnes, 8150, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Gausdal kommune

Østre Gausdal, 2651, Norway

Location

Hjemmetjenesten i Øyer kommune

Øyer, 2636, Norway

Location

Related Publications (10)

  • M. Dallner, A.-L. Elo, F. Gamberale, V. Hottinen, S. Knardahl, K. Lindström, A. Skogstad, E. Ørhede. Validation of the General Nordic Questionnaire (QPSNordic) for psychological and social factors at work. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen (2000)

    BACKGROUND
  • Christensen JO, Nielsen MB, Finne LB, Knardahl S. Comprehensive profiles of psychological and social work factors as predictors of site-specific and multi-site pain. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2018 May 1;44(3):291-302. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3706. Epub 2018 Jan 11.

    PMID: 29325179BACKGROUND
  • Andersen JH, Malmros P, Ebbehoej NE, Flachs EM, Bengtsen E, Bonde JP. Systematic literature review on the effects of occupational safety and health (OSH) interventions at the workplace. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019 Mar 1;45(2):103-113. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3775. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

    PMID: 30370910BACKGROUND
  • Mischke C, Verbeek JH, Job J, Morata TC, Alvesalo-Kuusi A, Neuvonen K, Clarke S, Pedlow RI. Occupational safety and health enforcement tools for preventing occupational diseases and injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Aug 30;2013(8):CD010183. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010183.pub2.

    PMID: 23996220BACKGROUND
  • Strand BH, Dalgard OS, Tambs K, Rognerud M. Measuring the mental health status of the Norwegian population: a comparison of the instruments SCL-25, SCL-10, SCL-5 and MHI-5 (SF-36). Nord J Psychiatry. 2003;57(2):113-8. doi: 10.1080/08039480310000932.

    PMID: 12745773BACKGROUND
  • Stromholm T, Pape K, Ose SO, Krokstad S, Bjorngaard JH. Psychosocial working conditions and sickness absence in a general population: a cohort study of 21,834 workers in Norway (The HUNT Study). J Occup Environ Med. 2015 Apr;57(4):386-92. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000362.

    PMID: 25851186BACKGROUND
  • Knutsen RH, Nielsen MB, Lunde LK, Fostervold KI, Johannessen HA. Sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders: A prospective cohort study. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2025 Jul 6;9:100376. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100376. eCollection 2025 Dec.

  • Johannessen HA, Knardahl S, Emberland JS, Skare O, Finnanger Garshol B. Do regulatory tools instigate measures to prevent work-related psychosocial and ergonomic risk factors? A process evaluation of a Labour inspection authority trial in the Norwegian home-care services. BMC Res Notes. 2022 Nov 18;15(1):349. doi: 10.1186/s13104-022-06244-4.

  • Finnanger Garshol B, Knardahl S, Emberland JS, Skare O, Johannessen HA. Effects of the Labour Inspectorate Authority's regulatory tools on psychosocial and biomechanical work factors in Norwegian home care services: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Occup Environ Med. 2022 Dec;79(12):807-815. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108470. Epub 2022 Sep 27.

  • Indregard AR, Knardahl S, Emberland JS, Skare O, Johannessen HA. Effectiveness of the Labour Inspection Authority's regulatory tools for work environment and employee health: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial among Norwegian home-care workers. BMJ Open. 2019 Nov 26;9(11):e031226. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031226.

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Musculoskeletal Pain

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Muscular DiseasesMusculoskeletal DiseasesPainNeurologic ManifestationsSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

  • Håkon A Johannessen, PhD

    National Institute of Occupational Health

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
INVESTIGATOR
Masking Details
the study group assignment is kept hidden from the data-analysts and manuscript writers after allocation
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: cluster-randomized controlled trial
Sponsor Type
OTHER GOV
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 15, 2019

First Posted

February 26, 2019

Study Start

March 5, 2019

Primary Completion

November 30, 2020

Study Completion

February 25, 2022

Last Updated

May 6, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-05

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

De-identified individual participant data for all primary outcome measures will be made available

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF, CSR, ANALYTIC CODE
Time Frame
Data will be available 3 years after study completion
Access Criteria
Data access request will be reviewed by NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data
More information

Locations