NCT03748420

Brief Summary

More than 50% of adults treated for diabetes, hypertension, or lipid disorders have suboptimal medication adherence, a prominent barrier to continued improvement in chronic disease care in the United States. Primary care providers (PCPs) often fail to identify medication nonadherence and/or have insufficient time and training to address underlying reasons for it. In this project, we propose a patient-centered and technology-driven strategy to identify patients with adherence issues and apply a team approach to help them achieve evidence-based personalized goals for glucose, blood pressure, or lipids. This intervention extends the use of a widely available clinical decision support (CDS) infrastructure to support a model of care that, for the first time outside of a fully integrated care environment, will integrate pharmacists within the primary care team. The intervention relies on a continuous health informatics loop to do the following: (a) identify high-risk patients with adherence problems at the point of care by expanding the capability of an electronic medical record (EMR)-linked CDS to identify poor adherence to medications; (b) establish and maintain an auto-populating up-to-date registry of patients identified for proactive pharmacist outreach; (c) implement a pharmacist outreach strategy based on an information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) framework recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) with demonstrated ability to influence adherence across a variety of clinical applications; and (d) coordinate care and adherence information by incorporating pharmacist assessment and action plans into CDS at subsequent office encounters.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
5,421

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Aug 2020

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

November 14, 2018

Completed
6 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

November 20, 2018

Completed
1.7 years until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

August 19, 2020

Completed
2.2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

October 25, 2022

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

January 31, 2023

Completed
1.1 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

February 26, 2024

Completed
Last Updated

February 26, 2024

Status Verified

August 1, 2023

Enrollment Period

2.2 years

First QC Date

November 14, 2018

Results QC Date

August 22, 2023

Last Update Submit

February 12, 2024

Conditions

Keywords

Decision Support Systems, ClinicalCardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Risk FactorMedication Non-adherence

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

  • Blood Pressure Medication Adherence

    Number of patients who achieve a proportion of days covered (PDC) greater than or equal to 80% for at least one antihypertensive medication in each currently prescribed blood pressure medication class at 12 months following the index office visit date.

    12 months after an index visit

  • Non-Insulin Glycemic Medication Adherence

    Number of patients who achieve a proportion of days covered (PDC) greater than or equal to 80% for at least one non-insulin glycemic medication in each currently prescribed glycemic medication class at 12 months following the index office visit date.

    12 months after an index visit

  • Statin Medication Adherence

    Number of patients who achieve a proportion of days covered (PDC) greater than or equal to 80% for a statin medication if currently prescribed at 12 months following the index office visit date.

    12 months after an index visit

  • Mean Change in Systolic Blood Pressure

    Mean change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from index to the last SBP value within 12 months after the index visit.

    12 months after an index visit

  • Mean Change in A1c

    Mean change in A1c (glycated hemoglobin) value from the index visit to the last lab test within 12 months after the index visit.

    12 months after an index visit

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Clinic-based Medical Care Costs

    12 months after an index visit

Study Arms (2)

Usual Care

NO INTERVENTION

Patients in the usual care arm receive the basic cardiovascular related clinical decision support which is considered standard of care at the organization.

Adherence Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Patients in the medication adherence enhanced clinical decision support received the enhanced decision support intervention over a 6 month period. Patients were accrued over 6 months and followed for 12 months at which point they were assessed for improved medication adherence and clinical outcomes.

Other: Adherence Intervention

Interventions

The adherence enhanced intervention consists of clinical decision support related to cardiovascular risk factors enhanced with external medication adherence information and is delivered at the point of care to the healthcare provider and patient.

Adherence Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 75 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • One or more of the following clinical criteria:
  • A. In the 12 months prior to the index visit, most recent hemoglobin A1C ≥8% AND have one or more active non-insulin glycemic medications on their electronic health record (EHR) medication list AND a potential adherence issue for one or more of these medications based on the Epic Medication Adherence score (e-PDC \<80%, moderate or high confidence).
  • B. Two consecutive encounters with BP values ≥140/90 mm Hg AND one or more BP medications on their EHR medication list AND a potential adherence issue identified (e-PDC \<80%, moderate/high confidence).
  • C. Meet the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) criteria listed below for moderate or high-intensity statin use AND a statin medication on their EHR medication list AND a potential statin adherence issue identified (e-PDC \<80%, moderate/high confidence):
  • Age \>21 with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) identified by a cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis on the problem list or two or more International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnostic codes in the last 2 years
  • Age \>21 and LDL \>190 mg/dL
  • Aged 40 to 75 AND diabetes identified by the diagnosis on the problem list or two or more ICD-10 diagnostic codes in the last 2 years
  • Aged 40 to 75 with 10-year CV Risk Score \>7.5% based on the ACC/AHA 10-year ASCVD risk equation.

You may not qualify if:

  • An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study analysis:
  • Patients enrolled in hospice,
  • Patients with active cancer or undergoing chemotherapy
  • Patients with pregnancy in the last year
  • Patients without HealthPartners insurance coverage for at least 11 of the 12 months before the index visit will be excluded from cost analysis.
  • For Statin cohort, ≥1 LDL result \<100 mg/dl within 2 years

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

HealthPartners Care System

Bloomington, Minnesota, 55425, United States

Location

Related Publications (2)

  • O'Connor PJ, Haapala JL, Dehmer SP, Chumba LN, Ekstrom HL, Asche SE, Rehrauer DJ, Pankonin MA, Pawloski PA, Raebel M, Sperl-Hillen JM. Clinical Decision Support and Cardiometabolic Medication Adherence: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jan 2;8(1):e2453745. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.53745.

  • Sperl-Hillen JM, Haapala JL, Dehmer SP, Chumba LN, Ekstrom HL, Truitt AR, Asche SE, Werner AM, Rehrauer DJ, Pankonin MA, Pawloski PA, O'Connor PJ. Protocol of a patient randomized clinical trial to improve medication adherence in primary care. Contemp Clin Trials. 2024 Jan;136:107385. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107385. Epub 2023 Nov 11.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

HyperlipidemiasHypertensionDiabetes MellitusMedication AdherenceCardiovascular Diseases

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

DyslipidemiasLipid Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesVascular DiseasesGlucose Metabolism DisordersEndocrine System DiseasesPatient CompliancePatient Acceptance of Health CareTreatment Adherence and ComplianceHealth BehaviorBehavior

Limitations and Caveats

Because this study was conducted at a single, relatively high-performing medical group, generalizability of results to other care delivery systems or patient populations is uncertain.

Results Point of Contact

Title
Dr. Patrick O'Connor
Organization
HealthPartners Institute

Study Officials

  • Patrick J O'Connor, MD

    HealthPartners Institute

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
Yes

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

November 14, 2018

First Posted

November 20, 2018

Study Start

August 19, 2020

Primary Completion

October 25, 2022

Study Completion

January 31, 2023

Last Updated

February 26, 2024

Results First Posted

February 26, 2024

Record last verified: 2023-08

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations