NCT03405129

Brief Summary

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the United States. Although most smokers report that they would like to quit smoking at some point in the future, only 20% are ready to quit within the next 30 days. Importantly, studies have indicated that interventions can increase motivation and/or readiness for cessation among smokers who are not yet ready to quit and these types of intervention can increase smoking cessation attempts. Smartphone apps that offer daily information about the benefits of quitting and motivational/supportive messages that aim to increase cessation self-efficacy may increase the likelihood of initiating a smoking cessation attempt. Previous research has indicated that smoking cessation smartphone applications are feasible and well-liked by smokers who are already committed to quitting smoking. However, there are no empirically supported smartphone apps that provide dynamic smoking cessation content that is automatically matched to a smoker's current readiness to quit. This type of dynamically tailored intervention could overcome many of the barriers that have hampered the widespread use of traditional empirically supported smoking cessation treatments. The current pilot study (N=150) is a 3-armed randomized controlled smoking cessation induction trial that will determine the initial utility of a novel smartphone based intervention compared with an attention control group among smokers who are not yet ready to quit. The two intervention groups (Group 1: Phoenix App Only; Group 2: Phoenix App + Nicotine Replacement Therapy \[NRT\]) will receive targeted smoking cessation messaging that is matched to a participant's readiness to quit, while the attention control group (i.e., Factoid) will receive messages that are not related to smoking cessation.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
152

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Oct 2018

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

December 22, 2017

Completed
28 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

January 19, 2018

Completed
9 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

October 17, 2018

Completed
3.6 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

May 18, 2022

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

May 18, 2022

Completed
Last Updated

May 11, 2023

Status Verified

May 1, 2023

Enrollment Period

3.6 years

First QC Date

December 22, 2017

Last Update Submit

May 9, 2023

Conditions

Keywords

Smoking CessationSmartphone AppDynamic Treatment

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Days of smoking abstinence

    Total number of days of self-reported smoking abstinence

    26 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (2)

  • Number of days to the first smoking cessation attempt

    26 weeks

  • Medication use

    26 weeks

Study Arms (3)

Factoid Group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The Factoid group will receive a smartphone app that delivers 2 factual messages per day

Behavioral: Factoid

Phoenix Group

EXPERIMENTAL

The Phoenix group will receive a smartphone app that includes multiple components that vary based upon the participant's smoking cessation stage

Behavioral: Phoenix

Phoenix + NRT Group

EXPERIMENTAL

The Phoenix + (Nicotine Replacement Therapy) NRT group will receive a smartphone app that is identical to the Phoenix group, with one additional feature. Participants will be able to click an "Order Nicotine Patches and Gum" button to order NRT.

Behavioral: PhoenixBehavioral: NRT order button

Interventions

PhoenixBEHAVIORAL

Phoenix cessation app

Phoenix + NRT GroupPhoenix Group

Ability to order NRT through smartphone app

Phoenix + NRT Group
FactoidBEHAVIORAL

Factoid app

Factoid Group

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • are ≥ 18 years of age
  • demonstrate \> 6th grade English literacy level
  • possess an active Android smartphone with a data plan and an operating system version 5.2 or higher
  • agree to install the study smartphone application onto their personal phone
  • agree to complete 26 weekly assessments prompted by and completed through the study smartphone application
  • score \>1 and \<7 on the Readiness to Quit Ladder
  • have an expired carbon monoxide (CO) level \> 7 ppm suggestive of current smoking
  • currently smoke ≥ 5 cigarettes per day
  • have no contraindications for over the counter NRT (i.e., individuals with uncontrolled blood pressure, history of myocardial infarction within the past two weeks, or current pregnancy or plans to become pregnant during the study period will be excluded)

You may not qualify if:

  • cannot read, speak, and understand English
  • are \< 18 years of age
  • plan to quit smoking within the next 30 days

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center - OTRC

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States

Location

Related Publications (2)

  • Ulm C, Chen S, Fleshman B, Benson L, Kendzor DE, Frank-Pearce S, Neil JM, Vidrine D, Businelle MS, De La Torre I. Smartphone-Based Survey and Message Compliance in Adults Initially Unready to Quit Smoking: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res. 2024 Jun 7;8:e56003. doi: 10.2196/56003.

  • Businelle MS, Benson L, Hebert ET, Neil J, Kendzor DE, Frank-Pearce S, Kezbers KM, Vidrine D, Gaur A. Project phoenix: Pilot randomized controlled trial of a smartphone-delivered intervention for people who are not ready to quit smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2024 Jul 1;260:111351. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111351. Epub 2024 May 31.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Smoking Cessation

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Health BehaviorBehavior

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

December 22, 2017

First Posted

January 19, 2018

Study Start

October 17, 2018

Primary Completion

May 18, 2022

Study Completion

May 18, 2022

Last Updated

May 11, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-05

Locations