NCT03384992

Brief Summary

The FoRtitude trial aims to evaluate an eHealth intervention designed to teach breast cancer survivors strategies to manage anxiety about cancer recurrence. The eHealth intervention includes educational content and interactive tools, designed to teach coping strategies and/or inert content, depending on the study participant's randomization assignment. The FoRtitude study will examine whether three coping strategies (relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, worry practice) are more effective than general health-related content in reducing fear of cancer recurrence.

Trial Health

100
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
215

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable breast-cancer

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2014

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 1, 2014

Completed
1.8 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 5, 2015

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 5, 2015

Completed
2 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

December 20, 2017

Completed
8 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

December 28, 2017

Completed
Last Updated

April 30, 2018

Status Verified

April 1, 2018

Enrollment Period

1.8 years

First QC Date

December 20, 2017

Last Update Submit

April 27, 2018

Conditions

Keywords

Fear of Cancer Recurrenceehealth interventionsPROMISFoR

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI) total score (minus Coping and Reassurance subscales)

    Questionnaire aims to better understand the experience of worries about cancer recurrence. Scaled from 1-4 with 4 being "all the time" and 1 being "never". The FCRI is the only FoR measure validated using interview to define 'caseness' and has demonstrated reliability and validity with English speaking survivors. FCRI total score to be calculated without including the Coping and Reassurance subscales defined a priori and determined by FoR theoretical model.

    Baseline to Week 8 change score

Secondary Outcomes (9)

  • Impact of Events Scale - Revised

    Baseline to Week 8 change score

  • Concerns about Recurrence Scale (CARS) - 4 item severity score

    Baseline to Week 8 change score

  • PROMIS Anxiety Computer adaptive test

    Baseline to Week 8 change score

  • PROMIS Depression Computer adaptive test

    Baseline to Week 8 change score

  • PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Computer adaptive test

    Baseline to Week 8 change score

  • +4 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (16)

Group 1

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: general health for week 1, diet-general information for week 2, and diet-BCSS information (breast cancer survivor-specific) for week 3. Telephone coaching was given.

Other: Telephone coachingOther: Usual care

Group 2

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the one of the following usual care conditions: general health for week 1, diet-general information for week 2, and diet-BCSS information (breast cancer survivor-specific) for week 3.

Other: Usual care

Group 3

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: cognitive restructuring for week 1, general health for week 2, and diet-general information and diet-BCSS information (breast cancer survivor-specific) for week 3. Telephone coaching was given.

Other: Cognitive restructuringOther: Telephone coachingOther: Usual care

Group 4

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: cognitive restructuring for week 1, general health for week 2, and diet-general information and diet-BCSS information (breast cancer survivor-specific) for week 3.

Other: Cognitive restructuringOther: Usual care

Group 5

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: scheduled worry practice for week 1, general health for week 2, and diet-general information and diet-BCSS information (breast cancer survivor-specific) for week 3. Telephone coaching was given.

Other: Scheduled worry practiceOther: Telephone coachingOther: Usual care

Group 6

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: scheduled worry practice for week 1, general health for week 2, and diet-general information and diet-BCSS information (breast cancer survivor-specific) for week 3.

Other: Scheduled worry practiceOther: Usual care

Group 7

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: cognitive restructuring for week 1, worry practice for week 2, and General Health and Diet (General and BCSS) for week 3. Telephone coaching was given.

Other: Cognitive restructuringOther: Scheduled worry practiceOther: Telephone coachingOther: Usual care

Group 8

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: cognitive restructuring for week 1, scheduled worry practice for week 2, and General Health and Diet (General and BCSS) for week 3.

Other: Cognitive restructuringOther: Scheduled worry practiceOther: Usual care

Group 9

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation for week 1, general health for week 2, and Diet - General and BCSS for week 3. Telephone coaching was given.

Other: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxationOther: Telephone coachingOther: Usual care

Group 10

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation for week 1, general health for week 2, and Diet - General and BCSS for week 3.

Other: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxationOther: Usual care

Group 11

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation for week 1, cognitive restructuring for week 2, and General health and Diet (General and BCSS) for week 3. Telephone coaching was given.

Other: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxationOther: Cognitive restructuringOther: Telephone coachingOther: Usual care

Group 12

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation for week 1, cognitive restructuring for week 2, and General health and Diet (General and BCSS) for week 3.

Other: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxationOther: Cognitive restructuringOther: Usual care

Group 13

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation for week 1, worry practice for week 2, and General health and Diet (General and BCSS) for week 3. Telephone coaching was given.

Other: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxationOther: Scheduled worry practiceOther: Telephone coachingOther: Usual care

Group 14

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation for week 1, scheduled worry practice for week 2, and General health and Diet (General and BCSS) for week 3.

Other: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxationOther: Scheduled worry practiceOther: Usual care

Group 15

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation for week 1, worry practice for week 2, and cognitive restructuring for week 3. Telephone coaching was given.

Other: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxationOther: Cognitive restructuringOther: Scheduled worry practiceOther: Telephone coaching

Group 16

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were exposed to the following conditions: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation for week 1, scheduled worry practice for week 2, and cognitive restructuring for week 3.

Other: Diaphragmatic breathing and relaxationOther: Cognitive restructuringOther: Scheduled worry practice

Interventions

Education on physiological effects of anxiety, instructions in diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation techniques, and audio-recordings 5-15 minutes in length that provide guided relaxation exercises (autogenic, imagery-based and progressive muscle relaxation).

Group 10Group 11Group 12Group 13Group 14Group 15Group 16Group 9

Education on the thought-emotion connection and exercises designed to better understand cognitions associated with increased anxiety and tools to evaluate and replace anxiety-generating cognitions. Includes an interactive tool (thought record) participants complete to facilitate this process.

Group 11Group 12Group 15Group 16Group 3Group 4Group 7Group 8

Education on the association between avoidance and increased anxiety, and instructions on actively thinking about feared events to reduce avoidance and engage healthy coping strategies. Interactive tool includes a video-based guided worry practice session and an interactive worksheet and timer.

Group 13Group 14Group 15Group 16Group 5Group 6Group 7Group 8

BCS will receive 5 TeleCoaching calls over a period of 4 weeks, to include one introductory phone call, followed by 4 calls focused each week on the current CSM; if the participant is not randomized to a CSM, TeleCoaching will provide reflective listening and encouragement.

Group 1Group 11Group 13Group 15Group 3Group 5Group 7Group 9

Includes general health, diet-general information and diet-BCSS (breast cancer survivor-specific) information.

Group 1Group 10Group 11Group 12Group 13Group 14Group 2Group 3Group 4Group 5Group 6Group 7Group 8Group 9

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexfemale
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Female
  • Diagnosis of breast cancer, non-metastatic, stage I-III
  • Completed primary treatment for breast cancer (surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, current hormonal treatment allowable)
  • No current evidence of disease
  • Greater than 1 year post treatment (for phase I interviews and usability testing)
  • Between 1 and 10 years post-treatment (for Phase I field testing and Phase II)
  • Good overall functional status as evidenced by ECOG Performance Status \< 3
  • At least 18 years of age (for Phase I only)
  • At least 19 years of age (for Phase 2 only)
  • Able to speak and read English
  • Able to provide informed consent
  • Clinically significant FoR, measured by the 9-item FCRI severity scale using established cut-off
  • a. Patients may be eligible for Phase I and Phase IV of the study regardless of their FCRI score
  • Cellular telephone with SMS messaging capability and access to a computer with broadband Internet access
  • Self-reported familiarity with the Internet per Internet Usage Patterns Measure
  • +1 more criteria

You may not qualify if:

  • Visual, hearing, voice, or motor impairment that would prevent completion of study procedures
  • Diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, dissociative disorder, or other diagnosis for which participation in this trial is either inappropriate or dangerous
  • Hazardous substance or alcohol use
  • Suicidal ideation, plan, intent
  • Dementia
  • Or if the participant is deemed ineligible by the investigators for reasons not otherwise specified.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Related Publications (2)

  • Beeler DM, Jeter E, Leitzelar BN, Price SN, Hall DL, Raper PJ, Levine BJ, Dunsmore VJ, Tooze JA, Duffecy J, Victorson D, Gradishar W, Saphner T, Smith ML, Penedo F, Mohr DC, Cella D, Wagner LI. A qualitative examination of cognitive behavioral therapy strategies and health management content to reduce fear of cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors: Results from the FoRtitude study. J Health Psychol. 2025 Jul 28:13591053251354867. doi: 10.1177/13591053251354867. Online ahead of print.

  • Lucas AR, Pan JH, Ip EH, Hall DL, Tooze JA, Levine B, Mohr DC, Penedo FJ, Cella D, Wagner LI. Validation of the Lee-Jones theoretical model of fear of cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors using a structural equation modeling approach. Psychooncology. 2023 Feb;32(2):256-265. doi: 10.1002/pon.6076. Epub 2023 Jan 9.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Breast NeoplasmsPathophobia

Interventions

Cognitive Restructuring

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neoplasms by SiteNeoplasmsBreast DiseasesSkin DiseasesSkin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Cognitive Behavioral TherapyBehavior TherapyPsychotherapyBehavioral Disciplines and Activities

Study Officials

  • Lynne Wagner, Ph.D.

    Wake Forest University Health Sciences

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
TRIPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE CARE
Intervention Model
FACTORIAL
Model Details: FoRtitude includes three CSMs: (1) diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation, (2) cognitive restructuring, and (3) scheduled worry practice. The fourth intervention component is (4) telephone coaching. We assigned two levels (yes, no) to each component. Evaluating individual and combined intervention components, each with two levels, results in a classic full factorial design with 16 (2 x 2 x 2 x 2) experimental conditions
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

December 20, 2017

First Posted

December 28, 2017

Study Start

March 1, 2014

Primary Completion

December 5, 2015

Study Completion

December 5, 2015

Last Updated

April 30, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-04