NCT02983552

Brief Summary

To compare the efficacy of 1 hour/day of binocular game play 5 days per week plus spectacle correction with spectacle correction only, for treatment of amblyopia in children 4 to \<13 years of age.

Trial Health

90
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
320

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2017

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
2 countries

62 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

November 16, 2016

Completed
20 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

December 6, 2016

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 2, 2017

Completed
3.1 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

April 20, 2020

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

July 10, 2020

Completed
11 months until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

June 11, 2021

Completed
Last Updated

June 11, 2021

Status Verified

June 1, 2021

Enrollment Period

3.1 years

First QC Date

November 16, 2016

Results QC Date

December 17, 2020

Last Update Submit

June 10, 2021

Conditions

Keywords

Amblyopia

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (8)

  • Mean Change in Amblyopic-eye Visual Acuity (VA) Older Cohort

    The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of 4 weeks of treatment with 1 hour/day of binocular game play 5 days per week plus spectacle correction to treatment with spectacle correction alone (control). Monocular distance visual acuity (VA) in current refractive correction (if required) in each eye by a certified examiner using the Electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinoscopy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity protocol for children ≥ 7 years on a study-certified acuity tester displaying single surrounded optotypes. For the analyses in the older cohort, the level of VA is measured as letter scores (approximate range: 0 to 97 letters, lower scores indicate poorer VA) and change in VA from baseline is measured in letters (positive values indicate improvement), defined as the difference in letter scores between enrollment and follow-up. Adjusted values have been adjusted for amblyopic-eye visual acuity at randomization.

    Baseline and 4 weeks

  • Mean Visual Acuity (VA) in Amblyopic-eye (Older Cohort)

    Monocular distance visual acuity (VA) in current refractive correction (if required) in each eye by a certified examiner using the Electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinoscopy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity protocol for children ≥ 7 years on a study-certified acuity tester displaying single surrounded optotypes. For the analyses in the older cohort, the level of VA is measured as letter scores (approximate range: 0 to 97 letters, lower scores indicate poorer VA) and change in VA from baseline is measured in letters (positive values indicate improvement), defined as the difference in letter scores between enrollment and follow-up.

    4 weeks

  • Mean Change in Amblyopic-eye Visual Acuity (VA) in Older Cohort

    Monocular distance visual acuity (VA) in current refractive correction (if required) in each eye by a certified examiner using the Electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinoscopy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity protocol for children ≥ 7 years on a study-certified acuity tester displaying single surrounded optotypes. For the analyses in the older cohort, the level of VA is measured as letter scores (approximate range: 0 to 97 letters, lower scores indicate poorer VA) and change in VA from baseline is measured in letters (positive values indicate improvement), defined as the difference in letter scores between enrollment and follow-up.

    Baseline and 8 weeks

  • Mean Visual Acuity (VA) in Amblyopic-eye (Older Cohort)

    Monocular distance visual acuity (VA) in current refractive correction (if required) in each eye by a certified examiner using the Electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinoscopy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity protocol for children ≥ 7 years on a study-certified acuity tester displaying single surrounded optotypes. For the analyses in the older cohort, the level of VA is measured as letter scores (approximate range: 0 to 97 letters, lower scores indicate poorer VA) and change in VA from baseline is measured in letters (positive values indicate improvement), defined as the difference in letter scores between enrollment and follow-up.

    8 weeks

  • Mean Change in Amblyopic-eye Visual Acuity (VA) Younger Cohort

    The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of 4 weeks of treatment with 1 hour/day of binocular game play 5 days per week plus spectacle correction to treatment with spectacle correction alone (control). Monocular distance visual acuity (VA) in current refractive correction (if required) in each eye by a certified examiner using the Electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinoscopy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity protocol for children ≥ 7 years on a study-certified acuity tester displaying single surrounded optotypes. For the analyses in the younger cohort, the level of VA is measured in logMAR (approximate range: -0.2 to 1.2, lower scores indicate better VA) and change in VA from baseline is measured in logMAR lines (positive values indicate improvement), defined as 10 times the difference in logMAR between enrollment and follow-up. Adjusted values have been adjusted for amblyopic-eye visual acuity at randomization.

    baseline and 4 weeks

  • Mean Visual Acuity (VA) in Amblyopic-eye (Younger Cohort)

    Monocular distance visual acuity (VA) in current refractive correction (if required) in each eye by a certified examiner using the Electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinoscopy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity protocol for children ≥ 7 years on a study-certified acuity tester displaying single surrounded optotypes. For the analyses in the younger cohort, the level of VA is measured in logMAR (approximate range: -0.2 to 1.2, lower scores indicate better VA) and change in VA from baseline is measured in logMAR lines (positive values indicate improvement), defined as 10 times the difference in logMAR between enrollment and follow-up.

    4 weeks

  • Mean Change in Amblyopic-eye Visual Acuity (VA) in Younger Cohort

    Monocular distance visual acuity (VA) in current refractive correction (if required) in each eye by a certified examiner using the Electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinoscopy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity protocol for children ≥ 7 years on a study-certified acuity tester displaying single surrounded optotypes. For the analyses in the younger cohort, the level of VA is measured in logMAR (approximate range: -0.2 to 1.2, lower scores indicate better VA) and change in VA from baseline is measured in logMAR lines (positive values indicate improvement), defined as 10 times the difference in logMAR between enrollment and follow-up.

    Baseline and 8 weeks

  • Mean Visual Acuity (VA) in Amblyopic-eye (Younger Cohort)

    Monocular distance visual acuity (VA) in current refractive correction (if required) in each eye by a certified examiner using the Electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinoscopy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity protocol for children ≥ 7 years on a study-certified acuity tester displaying single surrounded optotypes. For the analyses in the younger cohort, the level of VA is measured in logMAR (approximate range: -0.2 to 1.2, lower scores indicate better VA) and change in VA from baseline is measured in logMAR lines (positive values indicate improvement), defined as 10 times the difference in logMAR between enrollment and follow-up.

    8 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (32)

  • VA Improvement at 4 Weeks Defined as a Binary Outcome

    At 4 weeks

  • VA Improvement at 8 Weeks Defined as a Binary Outcome

    At 8 weeks

  • Distribution of Stereoacuity Scores at 4 Weeks

    4 weeks

  • Distribution of Change in Stereoacuity Scores From Baseline

    4 weeks

  • Distribution of Stereoacuity Scores at 8 Weeks

    8 weeks

  • +27 more secondary outcomes

Other Outcomes (1)

  • Exploratory Analysis: Subgroup VA Change Analysis at 4 Weeks

    Baseline and 4 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Binocular Computer Game Treatment

EXPERIMENTAL

Binocular computer game treatment is defined as playing a Dig Rush application on an iPad® 1 hour per day, 5 days per week for 8 weeks in addition to continued spectacle correction (if required)

Other: iPad®

Continued Spectacle Correction

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Continued spectacle correction is defined as wearing appropriate spectacle correction (if required) for all waking hours, 7 days per week for 8 weeks.

Other: Spectacle correction

Interventions

iPad®OTHER

Binocular therapy using a Dig Rush application on an iPad®

Binocular Computer Game Treatment

Spectacle correction for all waking hours, 7 days per week

Continued Spectacle Correction

Eligibility Criteria

Age4 Years - 12 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17)

You may qualify if:

  • Age 4 to \<13 years
  • Amblyopia associated with strabismus, anisometropia, or both (previously treated or untreated)
  • Criteria for strabismic amblyopia: At least one of the following must be met:
  • Presence of a heterotropia on examination at distance or near fixation (with or without optical correction, must be no more than 5pd by SPCT at near fixation (see #6 below)
  • Documented history of strabismus which is no longer present (which in the judgment of the investigator could have caused amblyopia)
  • Criteria for anisometropia: At least one of the following criteria must be met:
  • ≥1.00 D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent
  • ≥1.50 D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes
  • Criteria for combined-mechanism amblyopia: Both of the following criteria must be met:
  • Criteria for strabismus are met (see above)
  • ≥1.00 D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent OR ≥1.50 D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes
  • No amblyopia treatment other than optical correction in the past 2 weeks (patching, atropine, Bangerter, vision therapy, binocular treatment)
  • Requirements for required refractive error correction (based on a cycloplegic refraction completed within the last 7 months):
  • Hypermetropia of 2.50 D or more by spherical equivalent (SE)
  • Myopia of amblyopic eye of 0.50D or more SE
  • +25 more criteria

You may not qualify if:

  • Prism in the spectacle correction at time of enrollment (eligible only if prism is discontinued 2 weeks prior to enrollment).
  • Myopia greater than -6.00D spherical equivalent in either eye.
  • Previous intraocular or refractive surgery.
  • Any treatment for amblyopia (patching, atropine, Bangerter filter, vision therapy or previous binocular treatment) during the past 2 weeks. Previous amblyopia therapy is allowed regardless of type, but must be discontinued at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment.
  • Ocular co-morbidity that may reduce VA determined by an ocular examination performed within the past 7 months (Note: nystagmus per se does not exclude the subject if the above VA criteria are met).
  • No Down syndrome or cerebral palsy
  • No severe developmental delay that would interfere with treatment or evaluation (in the opinion of the investigator). Subjects with mild speech delay or reading and/or learning disabilities are not excluded.
  • Subject has demonstrated previous low compliance with binocular treatment and/or spectacle treatment (as assessed informally by the investigator)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (62)

UAB Pediatric Eye Care; Birmingham Health Care

Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States

Location

Midwestern University Eye Institute

Glendale, Arizona, 85308, United States

Location

University Eye Center at Ketchum Health

Anaheim, California, 92807, United States

Location

Loma Linda University Health Care, Dept. of Ophthalmology

Loma Linda, California, 92354, United States

Location

Saddleback Eye Medical Associates

Mission Viejo, California, 92691, United States

Location

Western University College of Optometry

Pomona, California, 91766, United States

Location

Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, United States

Location

Nova Southeastern University College of Optometry, The Eye Institute

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33382, United States

Location

University of Florida Shands Hospital

Gainesville, Florida, 32608, United States

Location

The Emory Eye Center

Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States

Location

St Luke's Hospital

Boise, Idaho, 83702, United States

Location

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States

Location

Illinois College of Optometry

Chicago, Illinois, 60616, United States

Location

Ticho Eye Associates

Chicago Ridge, Illinois, 60415, United States

Location

Progressive Eye Care

Lisle, Illinois, 60532, United States

Location

Advanced Vision Center

Schaumburg, Illinois, 60194, United States

Location

Pediatric Eye Associates

Wilmette, Illinois, 60091, United States

Location

Indiana School of Optometry

Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, United States

Location

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States

Location

Wolfe Eye Clinic

West Des Moines, Iowa, 50266, United States

Location

Greater Baltimore Medical Center

Baltimore, Maryland, 21204-5809, United States

Location

Wilmer Eye Institute

Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States

Location

Boston Children's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States

Location

Michigan College of Optometry at Ferris State Univ

Big Rapids, Michigan, 49307, United States

Location

Helen DeVos Children's Hospital Pediatric Ophthalmology

Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, United States

Location

Pediatric Ophthalmology, P.C.

Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49546, United States

Location

University of Minnesota-Minnesota Lions Children's Eye Clinic

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55454, United States

Location

Mayo Clinic

Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States

Location

Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics

Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, United States

Location

Saint Louis University Institute

St Louis, Missouri, 63103, United States

Location

St. Louis Children's Hospital Eye Center

St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States

Location

U of MO St. Louis College of Optometry

St Louis, Missouri, 63121, United States

Location

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska, 68114, United States

Location

Concord Ophthalmologic Associates

Concord, New Hampshire, 03301, United States

Location

Michael F. Gallaway, O.D., P.C.

Marlton, New Jersey, 08053, United States

Location

State University of New York, College of Optometry

New York, New York, 10036, United States

Location

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7040, United States

Location

Duke University Eye Center

Durham, North Carolina, 27710, United States

Location

Cincinnati Children's Hospital

Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States

Location

Pediatric Ophthalmology Associates, Inc.

Columbus, Ohio, 43205, United States

Location

The Ohio State University College of Optometry

Columbus, Ohio, 43210-1280, United States

Location

Eye Care Associates, Inc.

Poland, Ohio, 44514, United States

Location

Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States

Location

Pacific University College of Optometry

Portland, Oregon, 97205, United States

Location

OHSU Casey Eye Institute

Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States

Location

Pediatric Ophthalmology of Erie

Erie, Pennsylvania, 16501, United States

Location

Conestoga Eye

Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 17601, United States

Location

Pediatric Eye Specialists

Chattanooga, Tennessee, 37421, United States

Location

Southern College of Optometry

Memphis, Tennessee, 38104, United States

Location

Texas Children's Hospital - Dept. Of Ophthalmology

Houston, Texas, 77030, United States

Location

University of Houston College of Optometry

Houston, Texas, 77204, United States

Location

Texas Tech University Health Science Center

Lubbock, Texas, 79430, United States

Location

San Antonio Eye Center

San Antonio, Texas, 78215, United States

Location

Houston Eye Associates

The Woodlands, Texas, 77381, United States

Location

Virginia Pediatric Eye Center

Norfolk, Virginia, 23502, United States

Location

Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington

Seattle, Washington, 98105, United States

Location

Northwest Pediatric Ophthalmology, P.S.

Spokane, Washington, 99202, United States

Location

Spokane Eye Clinical Research

Spokane, Washington, 99204, United States

Location

Marshall University

Huntington, West Virginia, 25755, United States

Location

University of Wisconsin, University Station

Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States

Location

Snowy Range Vision Center

Laramie, Wyoming, 82070, United States

Location

Alberta Children's Hospital

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Location

Related Publications (2)

  • Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group; Holmes JM, Manny RE, Lazar EL, Birch EE, Kelly KR, Summers AI, Martinson SR, Raghuram A, Colburn JD, Law C, Marsh JD, Bitner DP, Kraker RT, Wallace DK. A Randomized Trial of Binocular Dig Rush Game Treatment for Amblyopia in Children Aged 7 to 12 Years. Ophthalmology. 2019 Mar;126(3):456-466. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.10.032. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

    PMID: 30352226BACKGROUND
  • Manny RE, Holmes JM, Kraker RT, Li Z, Waters AL, Kelly KR, Kong L, Crouch ER, Lorenzana IJ, Alkharashi MS, Galvin JA, Rice ML, Melia BM, Cotter SA; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A Randomized Trial of Binocular Dig Rush Game Treatment for Amblyopia in Children Aged 4 to 6 Years. Optom Vis Sci. 2022 Mar 1;99(3):213-227. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001867.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Amblyopia

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Brain DiseasesCentral Nervous System DiseasesNervous System DiseasesVision DisordersSensation DisordersNeurologic ManifestationsEye DiseasesSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Results Point of Contact

Title
Raymond Kraker, M.S.P.H., Director of PEDIG Coordinating Center
Organization
Jaeb Center for Health Research

Study Officials

  • Ruth Manny, OD, PhD

    University of Houston College of Optometry

    STUDY CHAIR
  • Jonathan Holmes, MD

    Mayo Clinic

    STUDY CHAIR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

November 16, 2016

First Posted

December 6, 2016

Study Start

March 2, 2017

Primary Completion

April 20, 2020

Study Completion

July 10, 2020

Last Updated

June 11, 2021

Results First Posted

June 11, 2021

Record last verified: 2021-06

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

In accordance with the NIH data sharing policy, a de-identified database is placed in the public domain on the PEDIG public website after the completion of each protocol and publication of the primary manuscript.

Time Frame
Data will be made available after publication of each primary manuscript.
Access Criteria
Users accessing the data must enter an email address.

Locations