Relationship Between BMI & HRR After 4 Weeks of Aerobic Training

NCT02781402 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: U/SERC/82/2015
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 25
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

World Health Organization (WHO) defined body mass index (BMI) as the ratio of weight in kilograms to the square of the height in meters (kg/m2). BMI has been used widely to diagnose obesity as it is a simple method to be carried out and is also inexpensive. According to WHO, there were 1.9 billion overweight individuals in 2014 with the age of 18 years old or above. Of 1.9 billion overweight individuals, there were 600 million obese adults. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is higher among the overweight and obese individuals compared to individuals with normal body mass index. This probably is due to altered cardiovascular autonomic regulation. The risk of getting cardiovascular diseases is also higher among physically inactive individuals. As much as 60% of American adults are not regularly active and 25% of them are not active at all. Obese and overweight individuals tend to be physically inactive and it has been shown that there is a negative relationship between BMI and heart rate recovery (HRR). HRR is defined as difference in heart rate between maximum exercise and 1 minute later during recovery period after stopping of exercise. HRR after exercise stress is due to withdrawal of sympathetic nervous system and the reactivation of parasympathetic nervous system. Parasympathetic nervous system is altered in obese individuals therefore leading to poor HRR after exercise. Aerobic training not only can reduce the body composition but also improves the autonomic cardiovascular control. There is limited literature support for any study which shows that potential of 4 weeks aerobic training can influence the heart rate recovery in sedentary healthy adults. Most of studies conducted were using minimum of 6 to 8 weeks of aerobic training. The potential of 4 weeks of aerobic training in improving the autonomic nervous system among sedentary adults is still unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized in our study that there will be effect of 4 weeks of aerobic training on vagal modulation.

Conditions

Overweight

Keywords

Overweight BMI Individuals; Normal BMI Individuals; Recovery Heart Rate

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Change in Heart Rate Recovery

  The participants were required to take part in the exercise testing before beginning the 4 weeks of aerobic training. Ebbeling submaximal treadmill (EbbTM) protocol was used during the exercise testing. Finger pulse oximeter was placed on the participants' finger. The particiapnts were required to warm up for 4 minutes by walking at the speed that maintains the heart rate within 50% to 70% of their maximum heart rate (HR max) without any inclination (0% grade). Following 4 minutes of warm up, the participants walked at the same speed for another 4 minutes at a grade of 5%. After cessation of exercise test, heart rate was immediately recorded from the pulse oximeter for 1 minute. The heart rate was measured during the passive recovery phase in which the participants were in supine position.

  At baseline and After 4 weeks of aerobic training

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Change in Body Mass Index

  At baseline and After 4 weeks of aerobic training

Study Arms (2)

4 weeks of Aerobic Training for normal BMI group

EXPERIMENTAL

4 weeks of aerobic training on treadmill 3 times per week.

Procedure: 4 weeks of Aerobic Training

4 weeks of Aerobic Training for overweight BMI group

EXPERIMENTAL

4 weeks of aerobic training on treadmill 3 times per week.

Procedure: 4 weeks of Aerobic Training

Interventions

4 weeks of Aerobic Training PROCEDURE

The duration of aerobic training was 40 minutes for each session and 3 days per week with the intensity of 75-80% of their maximum heart rate. The participants were needed to walk or jog on treadmill during the first 10 minutes at the intensity of 50-60% of maximal heart rate (HR max). The aerobic training was followed by 4 x 4 minutes intervals at 75-80% HR max. The participants were given 3 minutes active breaks in between the intervals in which they can either walk or jog at 50-60% of maximal heart rate.

4 weeks of Aerobic Training for normal BMI group; 4 weeks of Aerobic Training for overweight BMI group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Sedentary subjects
• Age between 18 to 25 years old
• Body mass index range = 18.50 - 24.9 kg/m² (normal) = 25 - 29.9 kg/m² (overweight)

You may not qualify if:

• Subjects with cardiovascular disease
• Subjects with musculoskeletal problem
• Not willing to participate

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman: lead

Related Publications (9)

• Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009 Sep-Oct;28(5):w822-31. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.w822. Epub 2009 Jul 27.

  PMID: 19635784 BACKGROUND

• Rissanen P, Franssila-Kallunki A, Rissanen A. Cardiac parasympathetic activity is increased by weight loss in healthy obese women. Obes Res. 2001 Oct;9(10):637-43. doi: 10.1038/oby.2001.84.

  PMID: 11595781 BACKGROUND

• Brinkworth GD, Noakes M, Buckley JD, Clifton PM. Weight loss improves heart rate recovery in overweight and obese men with features of the metabolic syndrome. Am Heart J. 2006 Oct;152(4):693.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.07.019.

  PMID: 16996838 BACKGROUND

• Barbosa Lins TC, Valente LM, Sobral Filho DC, Barbosa e Silva O. Relation between heart rate recovery after exercise testing and body mass index. Rev Port Cardiol. 2015 Jan;34(1):27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2014.07.006. Epub 2015 Jan 8. English, Portuguese.

  PMID: 25577658 BACKGROUND

• Gondoni LA, Titon AM, Nibbio F, Augello G, Caetani G, Liuzzi A. Heart rate behavior during an exercise stress test in obese patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Mar;19(3):170-6. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.07.001. Epub 2008 Sep 19.

  PMID: 18804987 BACKGROUND

• Collier SR, Kanaley JA, Carhart R Jr, Frechette V, Tobin MM, Bennett N, Luckenbaugh AN, Fernhall B. Cardiac autonomic function and baroreflex changes following 4 weeks of resistance versus aerobic training in individuals with pre-hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2009 Mar;195(3):339-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01897.x. Epub 2008 Sep 4.

  PMID: 18774947 BACKGROUND

• Gulli G, Cevese A, Cappelletto P, Gasparini G, Schena F. Moderate aerobic training improves autonomic cardiovascular control in older women. Clin Auton Res. 2003 Jun;13(3):196-202. doi: 10.1007/s10286-003-0090-x.

  PMID: 12822041 BACKGROUND

• Snoek JA, van Berkel S, van Meeteren N, Backx FJ, Daanen HA. Effect of aerobic training on heart rate recovery in patients with established heart disease; a systematic review. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 18;8(12):e83907. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083907. eCollection 2013.

  PMID: 24367618 BACKGROUND

• Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014 Feb 26;311(8):806-14. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.732.

  PMID: 24570244 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Overweight

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

• Imtiyaz Ali Mir

  Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NON RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Assessor who measured pre and post outcomes was blended and did not know participants belonged to which group.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Mr

Model Details: Same intervention (4 weeks of aerobic training) was given to 2 different groups (Normal BMI group \& Overweight BMI group).

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 13, 2016
• First Posted: May 24, 2016
• Study Start: July 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: October 1, 2016
• Study Completion: November 1, 2016
• Last Updated: March 23, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share