Trial of MRSA Polymerase Chain Reaction for Pneumonia

NCT02660554 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: STU00202148
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 45
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to conduct a randomized clinical trial to compare an antibiotic strategy based on a novel diagnostic test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to usual care, in critically ill adults with pneumonia suspected to be caused by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The investigators hypothesize that when automated PCR is used to guide antibiotic therapy, antibiotic exposure will be reduced in critically ill subjects with pneumonia.

Conditions

Pneumonia; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Keywords

Pneumonia; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Intensive care units; Drug Resistance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Days of anti-MRSA antibiotic therapy

  days for initially suspected MRSA pneumonia

  14 days

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• Mortality

  28 days post randomization

• Organ dysfunction

  28 days post randomization

• Renal Organ dysfunction

  28 days post randomization

• Days of subsequent anti-MRSA treatment

  28 days post randomization

Study Arms (2)

Usual care

NO INTERVENTION

In the usual care arm, antibiotic therapy against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) will be given at the discretion of the care team. If bacterial cultures are negative for MRSA at 72 hours, the treating physician will be prompted to discontinue MRSA therapy.

Polymerase Chain Reaction

EXPERIMENTAL

In subjects randomized to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arm, antibiotic therapy against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) will be determined by the results of the PCR test. In subjects who are clinically stable, results from the PCR must be available prior to the administration of MRSA therapy. Subjects with a positive MRSA PCR will be administered MRSA therapy. In subjects with a negative MRSA PCR, MRSA therapy will be withheld. In subjects randomized to the automated PCR arm who are clinically unstable, empiric MRSA therapy will be allowed until the PCR is completed. In these cases of unstable subjects, empiric MRSA therapy will be discontinued if the PCR is negative.

Other: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Interventions

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) OTHER

Respiratory samples called bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) gathered from subjects in the PCR arm will be tested for the presence of MRSA using the Cepheid Xpert® Assay. Xpert® is a qualitative in vitro test designed for rapid detection and differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using PCR amplification. MRSA is identified by the mecA gene and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Xpert® Assay is approved by the Federal Drug Administration to detect MRSA in soft tissue samples. Once the PCR is completed, the results will be relayed to the treating physician, and antibiotic therapy (vancomycin or linezolid) will be started or stopped based on the study protocol. All BAL samples will be sent for routine bacterial cultures.

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 100 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Adults aged 18 years and older with known or suspected pneumonia who are endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated
• Can receive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) while intubated
• Have received 24 hours or less of MRSA therapy (the antibiotics vancomycin or linezolid) prior to study enrollment

You may not qualify if:

• More than 24 hours of MRSA therapy therapy (the antibiotics vancomycin or linezolid),
• Subjects with extra pulmonary infection requiring treatment with vancomycin or linezolid
• Neutropenic fever
• Chronic airway infection
• Patient/surrogate refusal
• Subjects in whom BAL is deemed unsafe by the treating physician
• Treating physician refusal to discontinue antibiotics to treat MRSA if PCR negative
• Prisoners
• Pregnant women

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Northwestern University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Northwestern Memorial Hospital

Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States

Location

Related Publications (14)

• Wunderink RG. How important is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia and what is best antimicrobial therapy? Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;27(1):177-88. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2012.11.006. Epub 2012 Dec 14.

  PMID: 23398873 BACKGROUND

• Shindo Y, Ito R, Kobayashi D, Ando M, Ichikawa M, Shiraki A, Goto Y, Fukui Y, Iwaki M, Okumura J, Yamaguchi I, Yagi T, Tanikawa Y, Sugino Y, Shindoh J, Ogasawara T, Nomura F, Saka H, Yamamoto M, Taniguchi H, Suzuki R, Saito H, Kawamura T, Hasegawa Y. Risk factors for drug-resistant pathogens in community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Oct 15;188(8):985-95. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201301-0079OC.

  PMID: 23855620 BACKGROUND

• Kollef MH, Micek ST. Strategies to prevent antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2005 Aug;33(8):1845-53. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000171849.04952.79.

  PMID: 16096464 BACKGROUND

• American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Feb 15;171(4):388-416. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST. No abstract available.

  PMID: 15699079 BACKGROUND

• Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG; Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S27-72. doi: 10.1086/511159. No abstract available.

  PMID: 17278083 BACKGROUND

• Haley CC, Mittal D, Laviolette A, Jannapureddy S, Parvez N, Haley RW. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection or colonization present at hospital admission: multivariable risk factor screening to increase efficiency of surveillance culturing. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Sep;45(9):3031-8. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00315-07. Epub 2007 Jul 11.

  PMID: 17626171 BACKGROUND

• Rimawi RH, Mazer MA, Siraj DS, Gooch M, Cook PP. Impact of regular collaboration between infectious diseases and critical care practitioners on antimicrobial utilization and patient outcome. Crit Care Med. 2013 Sep;41(9):2099-107. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828e9863.

  PMID: 23873275 BACKGROUND

• Raman K, Nailor MD, Nicolau DP, Aslanzadeh J, Nadeau M, Kuti JL. Early antibiotic discontinuation in patients with clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and negative quantitative bronchoscopy cultures. Crit Care Med. 2013 Jul;41(7):1656-63. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318287f713.

  PMID: 23528805 BACKGROUND

• Goff DA, Jankowski C, Tenover FC. Using rapid diagnostic tests to optimize antimicrobial selection in antimicrobial stewardship programs. Pharmacotherapy. 2012 Aug;32(8):677-87. doi: 10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01137.x.

  PMID: 23307517 BACKGROUND

• Cercenado E, Marin M, Burillo A, Martin-Rabadan P, Rivera M, Bouza E. Rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus in lower respiratory tract secretions from patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert MRSA/SA SSTI assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Dec;50(12):4095-7. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02409-12. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

  PMID: 22993185 BACKGROUND

• Oh AC, Lee JK, Lee HN, Hong YJ, Chang YH, Hong SI, Kim DH. Clinical utility of the Xpert MRSA assay for early detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Jan;7(1):11-5. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1121. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

  PMID: 23064681 BACKGROUND

• Leone M, Malavieille F, Papazian L, Meyssignac B, Cassir N, Textoris J, Antonini F, La Scola B, Martin C, Allaouchiche B, Hraiech S; AzuRea Network. Routine use of Staphylococcus aureus rapid diagnostic test in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care. 2013 Aug 6;17(4):R170. doi: 10.1186/cc12849.

  PMID: 23919575 BACKGROUND

• Salgado CD, Farr BM, Calfee DP. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jan 15;36(2):131-9. doi: 10.1086/345436. Epub 2003 Jan 3.

  PMID: 12522744 BACKGROUND

• Paonessa JR, Shah RD, Pickens CI, Lizza BD, Donnelly HK, Malczynski M, Qi C, Wunderink RG. Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in BAL: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Chest. 2019 May;155(5):999-1007. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

  PMID: 30776365 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pneumonia

Interventions

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Respiratory Tract Infections; Infections; Lung Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Genetic Techniques; Investigative Techniques

Study Officials

• Richard G Wunderink, MD

  Northwestern University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: DIAGNOSTIC
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 4, 2016
• First Posted: January 21, 2016
• Study Start: January 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: February 28, 2017
• Study Completion: May 3, 2019
• Last Updated: February 10, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-02

Locations

US (1)