NCT02579096

Brief Summary

This trial will compare two effective therapies, allopurinol and febuxostat, to lower serum uric acid and therefore prevent further gout attacks. These therapies have never been compared at appropriate doses. Further, they will be studied in patients with kidney disease for the first time.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
950

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_4

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2017

Longer than P75 for phase_4

Geographic Reach
1 country

23 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 15, 2015

Completed
4 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 19, 2015

Completed
1.4 years until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 6, 2017

Completed
3.9 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

February 1, 2021

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

April 15, 2021

Completed
9 months until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

January 11, 2022

Completed
Last Updated

March 29, 2024

Status Verified

March 1, 2024

Enrollment Period

3.9 years

First QC Date

October 15, 2015

Results QC Date

December 17, 2021

Last Update Submit

March 27, 2024

Conditions

Keywords

GoutAllopurinolFebuxostatCKD

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Percentage of Participants Experiencing ≥ 1 Gout Flare During Phase 3

    Participants were defined as flaring in Phase 3 if they: -1) met 3 of 4 following participant-reported criteria: * a) warm joint(s) * b) swollen joint(s) * c) pain (\>3) at rest on a scale of 0-10 (10 being the worst pain) * d) self-identified gout flare OR -2) reported use of medications to treat flare

    Phase III of the study (weeks 49-72 of study duration)

Study Arms (2)

Allopurinol / Sham Comparator (Febuxostat)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Patients will be titrated up to the dose that will lower to target uric acid levels. A placebo resembling Febuxostat will be given with allopurinol

Drug: allopurinol capsule, 100-800 mg by mouth once dailyDrug: Placebo, vehicle control (febuxostat-shaped)

Febuxostat / Sham Comparator (Allopurinol)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Febuxostat will be titrated up to the dose that will lower to target uric acid levels. A placebo resembling Allopurinol will be given with Febuxostat

Drug: febuxostat tablet 40-120 mg by mouth once dailyDrug: Placebo, vehicle control (allopurinol-shaped)

Interventions

Patients will be up-titrated up to the dose required to reach target uric acid levels.

Also known as: Zyloprim; CAS: 315-30-0
Allopurinol / Sham Comparator (Febuxostat)

Patients will be up-titrated to the dose required to reach target uric acid levels.

Also known as: Uloric; CAS: 144060-53-7; NDCs: 64764-677-11, 64764-677-13, 64764-677-19, 64764-677-30, 64764-918-11, 64764-918-18, 64764-918-30, 64764-918-90
Febuxostat / Sham Comparator (Allopurinol)

Placebo tablets resembling febuxostat will be given with allopurinol.

Allopurinol / Sham Comparator (Febuxostat)

Placebo capsules resembling allopurinol will be given with febuxostat.

Febuxostat / Sham Comparator (Allopurinol)

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Age 18 years
  • History of gout - crystal proven or historical as defined by ACR criteria listed above
  • Serum urate level \> 6.8 mg/dl

You may not qualify if:

  • Stage 4 or 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - defined as eGFR \< 30 ml/min/1.73 m2
  • Women less than 50 years of age
  • Patients with a history of prior solid organ / hematopoietic transplantation
  • Previous allergy or intolerance to allopurinol or febuxostat
  • Patients who are not candidates for any of the recommended prophylactic medications (colchicine, naprosyn or glucocorticoids)
  • Patients who in the opinion of the investigator have a high genetic risk for allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS\*) unless they have been found to be negative for HLA B5801.
  • Previous history of failure to reach target uric acid levels despite therapy with allopurinol at dose \> 300 mg/day
  • Prior febuxostat use
  • Patients with malignancies that are currently active with exception of non-melanoma skin cancer
  • Patients with serum uric acid levels \>15 mg/dl
  • Patients with myelodysplasia and hemoglobin of \< 8.5 mg/dL
  • Patients with chronic liver disease with more than one of the following:
  • INR \> 1.7, not on Warfarin therapy
  • Bilirubin 2 mg/dL
  • Serum albumin \< 3.5 mg/dL
  • +5 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (23)

VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA

Loma Linda, California, 92357, United States

Location

VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA

San Diego, California, 92161, United States

Location

San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA

San Francisco, California, 94121, United States

Location

Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL

Miami, Florida, 33125, United States

Location

Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL

Hines, Illinois, 60141-5000, United States

Location

VA Boston Healthcare System Jamaica Plain Campus, Jamaica Plain, MA

Boston, Massachusetts, 02130, United States

Location

Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55417, United States

Location

Mayo Clinic Rochester MN ? RAIN 1

Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States

Location

Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO

Kansas City, Missouri, 64128, United States

Location

Omaha VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE

Omaha, Nebraska, 68105-1850, United States

Location

University of Nebraska Medical Center ? RAIN 5

Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-3025, United States

Location

Manhattan Campus of the VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY

New York, New York, 10010, United States

Location

Asheville VA Medical Center, Asheville, NC

Asheville, North Carolina, 28805, United States

Location

Sanford Bismarck Medical Center ? RAIN 2

Bismarck, North Dakota, 58506, United States

Location

Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

Cincinnati, Ohio, 45220, United States

Location

VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR

Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States

Location

Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

Location

VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System University Drive Division, Pittsburgh, PA

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15240, United States

Location

Yankton Medical Clinic ? RAIN 3

Yankton, South Dakota, 57078, United States

Location

VA North Texas Health Care System Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX

Dallas, Texas, 75216, United States

Location

VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT

Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, United States

Location

White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT

White River Junction, Vermont, 05009-0001, United States

Location

Salem VA Medical Center, Salem, VA

Salem, Virginia, 24153, United States

Location

Related Publications (5)

  • Timilsina S, Brittan K, O'Dell JR, Brophy M, Davis-Karim A, Henrie AM, Neogi T, Newcomb J, Palevsky PM, Pillinger MH, Pittman D, Taylor TH, Wu H, Mikuls TR. Design and Rationale for the Veterans Affairs "Cooperative Study Program 594 Comparative Effectiveness in Gout: Allopurinol vs. Febuxostat" Trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018 May;68:102-108. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.03.015. Epub 2018 Mar 27.

    PMID: 29597007BACKGROUND
  • O'Dell JR, Brophy MT, Pillinger MH, Neogi T, Palevsky PM, Wu H, Davis-Karim A, Newcomb JA, Ferguson R, Pittman D, Cannon GW, Taylor T, Terkeltaub R, Cannella AC, England BR, Helget LN, Mikuls TR. Comparative Effectiveness of Allopurinol and Febuxostat in Gout Management. NEJM Evid. 2022 Mar;1(3):10.1056/evidoa2100028. doi: 10.1056/evidoa2100028. Epub 2022 Feb 3.

  • Sanchez C, Campeau A, Liu-Bryan R, Mikuls TR, O'Dell JR, Gonzalez DJ, Terkeltaub R. Effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor urate lowering therapy in gout is linked to an emergent serum protein interactome of complement and inflammation modulators. Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 19;14(1):24598. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74154-5.

  • Sanchez C, Campeau A, Liu-Bryan R, Mikuls TR, O'Dell JR, Gonzalez DJ, Terkeltaub R. Effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor urate lowering therapy in gout is linked to an emergent serum protein interactome of complement activation and inflammation modulators. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2024 May 9:rs.3.rs-4278877. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4278877/v1.

  • Sanchez C, Campeau A, Liu-Bryan R, Mikuls T, O'Dell J, Gonzalez D, Terkeltaub R. Sustained xanthine oxidase inhibitor treat to target urate lowering therapy rewires a tight inflammation serum protein interactome. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2024 Jan 2:rs.3.rs-3770277. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3770277/v1.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

GoutRenal Insufficiency, Chronic

Interventions

AllopurinolFebuxostat

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

ArthritisJoint DiseasesMusculoskeletal DiseasesCrystal ArthropathiesRheumatic DiseasesPurine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn ErrorsMetabolism, Inborn ErrorsGenetic Diseases, InbornCongenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and AbnormalitiesMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesRenal InsufficiencyKidney DiseasesUrologic DiseasesFemale Urogenital DiseasesFemale Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy ComplicationsUrogenital DiseasesMale Urogenital DiseasesChronic DiseaseDisease AttributesPathologic ProcessesPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

PurinesHeterocyclic Compounds, 2-RingHeterocyclic Compounds, Fused-RingHeterocyclic CompoundsThiazolesSulfur CompoundsOrganic ChemicalsAzolesHeterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring

Results Point of Contact

Title
Ryan E. Ferguson, ScD, MPH, Director
Organization
Boston CSP Coordinating Center

Study Officials

  • James R O'Dell

    Omaha VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE

    STUDY CHAIR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
Yes

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 4
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
FED
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 15, 2015

First Posted

October 19, 2015

Study Start

March 6, 2017

Primary Completion

February 1, 2021

Study Completion

April 15, 2021

Last Updated

March 29, 2024

Results First Posted

January 11, 2022

Record last verified: 2024-03

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Individual Participant Data will be made available after study closure only to research credentialed Veterans Affairs researchers who submit a valid study question to their IRB of record. A Data Use Agreement will be in effect between the researcher and the coordinating center

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF
Time Frame
After primary and secondary analyses and subsequent publications
Access Criteria
Executed data use agreement with CSP Coordinating Center approval
More information

Locations