NCT02576470

Brief Summary

The overall goal is to exploit motor learning principles and adjuvant techniques in a novel way to enhance dysphagia rehabilitation. The proposed study will investigate the effects of three forms of biofeedback on training and determine whether adjuvant therapeutic techniques such as non-invasive neural stimulation and reward augment training outcomes has an effect of dysphagia rehabilitation. Outcomes from this research study may change the paradigm for treating swallowing and other internal functions such as speech and voice disorders.

Trial Health

57
Monitor

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
74

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Nov 2015

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
terminated

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 12, 2015

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 15, 2015

Completed
17 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

November 1, 2015

Completed
3.9 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

September 19, 2019

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

September 19, 2019

Completed
Last Updated

October 4, 2019

Status Verified

October 1, 2019

Enrollment Period

3.9 years

First QC Date

October 12, 2015

Last Update Submit

October 2, 2019

Conditions

Keywords

swallowingstrokedysphagiadeglutition

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

  • 8-Point Penetration-Aspiration scale (P-A scale) will be used to swallowing ability

    The P-A scale is measured on a score of 1 - 8 with 1 being the best possible score - material does not enter the airway, to 8 being the worse score - material enters the airway, passes below the vocal folds, and no effort is made to eject.

    Changes from 24 hrs, 1 week, 1 month

  • Targeted dysphagia training biofeedback using VF images will be used to determine the changes from 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month

    VF biofeedback training group will test an ideal treatment circumstance using motor learning principles, where kinematic biofeedback is provided throughout training.

    Changes from 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month

  • Targeted dysphagia training biofeedback using sEMG measures will be used to determine the changes from 24 hours, 1 week and 1 month

    The sEMG biofeedback training will be acquired with surface electrodes placed on the face and/or neck using the Dual Bio Amp (ADInstruments).

    Changes from 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month

  • Targeted dysphagia training biofeedback using both VF and sEMG measures will be used to determine the changes from 24 hours, 1 week and 1 month

    The mixed biofeedback training will be recorded with sEMG for comparison with VF data.

    Changes from 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month

Secondary Outcomes (3)

  • Training bolus targeted dysphagia maneuvers changes from 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month

    Changes from 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month

  • Kinematic analysis will be performed on targeted dysphagia maneuver changes from 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month.

    Changes from 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month

  • Training effect on financial reward analysis between 3 groups

    Changes from days 1, 2, and 3

Study Arms (12)

Videofluoroscopy (VF) and Barium

EXPERIMENTAL

This group will receive the following types of procedures during visits. Videofluoroscopy (VF) and Barium to provide biofeedback for targeted dysphagia swallowing maneuver.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverRadiation: Videofluoroscopy (VF) and Barium

Surface Electromyography (sEMG)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

This group will receive the following types of procedures during visits. sEMG images will be used to provide biofeedback for the targeted dysphagia swallowing maneuver.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverDevice: Submental Electromyography

Mixed VF and sEMG

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

This group will receive the following types of procedures during visits. Videofluoroscopy (VF) and Barium, and EMG images will be used to provide biofeedback for the targeted dysphagia swallowing maneuver.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverRadiation: Videofluoroscopy (VF) and BariumDevice: Submental Electromyography

VF with anodal tDCS

EXPERIMENTAL

This group will receive the following types of procedures for biofeedback. The biofeedback is based on videofluoroscopic (VF) and barium images with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The anodal tDCS will be applied to the lesioned hemisphere during training.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackDevice: Transcranial Direct Current StimulationBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverRadiation: Videofluoroscopy (VF) and BariumDevice: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

sEMG with anodal tDCS

EXPERIMENTAL

This group will receive the following types of procedures for biofeedback. The biofeedback is based on submental electromyography (sEMG) images with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The anodal tDCS will be applied to the lesioned hemisphere during training.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackDevice: Transcranial Direct Current StimulationBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverDevice: Transcranial Magnetic StimulationDevice: Submental Electromyography

Mixed VF, sEMG with anodal tDCS

EXPERIMENTAL

This group will receive the following types of procedures for biofeedback. The biofeedback is based on videofluoroscopic (VF) and barium, and submental electromyography (sEMG) images with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The anodal tDCS will be applied to the lesioned hemisphere during training.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackDevice: Transcranial Direct Current StimulationBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverRadiation: Videofluoroscopy (VF) and BariumDevice: Transcranial Magnetic StimulationDevice: Submental Electromyography

VF with sham tDCS

SHAM COMPARATOR

This group will receive the following types of procedures for biofeedback. The biofeedback is based on videofluoroscopic (VF) and barium images without the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The tDCS will be applied during training, however no stimulation will be received.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackDevice: Transcranial Direct Current StimulationBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverRadiation: Videofluoroscopy (VF) and BariumDevice: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

sEMG with sham tDCS

SHAM COMPARATOR

This group will receive the following types of procedures for biofeedback. The biofeedback is based on submental electromyography (sEMG) images without the transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The tDCS will be applied during training, however no stimulation will be received.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackDevice: Transcranial Direct Current StimulationBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverDevice: Transcranial Magnetic StimulationDevice: Submental Electromyography

Mixed VF, sEMG with sham tDCS

SHAM COMPARATOR

This group will receive the following types of procedures for biofeedback. The biofeedback is based on videofluoroscopic (VF) and barium, and submental electromyography (sEMG) images without transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The tDCS will be applied during training, however no stimulation will be received.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackDevice: Transcranial Direct Current StimulationBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverRadiation: Videofluoroscopy (VF) and BariumDevice: Transcranial Magnetic StimulationDevice: Submental Electromyography

VF with reward

EXPERIMENTAL

This group will receive the following the procedure outlined below for biofeedback. The biofeedback is based on the videofluoroscopy (VF) and Barium with financial reward.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackBehavioral: Financial RewardBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverRadiation: Videofluoroscopy (VF) and Barium

sEMG with financial reward

EXPERIMENTAL

This group will receive the following types of procedures for biofeedback. The biofeedback is based on submental electromyography (sEMG) images with financial reward. The financial reward will only be done for 3-days.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackBehavioral: Financial RewardBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverDevice: Submental Electromyography

Mixed VF, sEMG with financial reward

EXPERIMENTAL

This group will receive the following types of procedures for biofeedback. The biofeedback is based on videofluoroscopic (VF) and barium, and submental electromyography (sEMG) images with financial reward. The financial reward will only be done for 3 days.

Behavioral: BiofeedbackBehavioral: Financial RewardBehavioral: targeted dysphagia training maneuverRadiation: Videofluoroscopy (VF) and BariumDevice: Submental Electromyography

Interventions

BiofeedbackBEHAVIORAL

Motor learning is improvement in movement overtime, followed by retaining what was learned. To determine whether movements are improving, kinematics must be assessed over time, beginning with defining specific kinematic goals, then continually re-evaluating goals throughout rehabilitation while providing the participants with biofeedback. Biofeedback is fundamental in motor learning, because it increases guidance and motivation, supplements losses in intrinsic feedback (proprioception), and facilitates generalization and retention. Biofeedback enhances the training of novel movements and could be essential for training swallowing maneuvers. Biofeedback training will occur 3 times.

Mixed VF and sEMGMixed VF, sEMG with anodal tDCSMixed VF, sEMG with financial rewardMixed VF, sEMG with sham tDCSSurface Electromyography (sEMG)VF with anodal tDCSVF with rewardVF with sham tDCSVideofluoroscopy (VF) and BariumsEMG with anodal tDCSsEMG with financial rewardsEMG with sham tDCS

Weak direct currents can be applied non-invasively, transcranially and painlessly. Such application leads to transient changes in corticomotor excitability that are fully reversible. There are no known risks of tDCS of the brain, other than mild local discomfort at the electrode sites.The tDCS sessions will be separated by at least 24hrs, the electrode pads will not be used more than 4 times and they will be clean with a sterile saline solution.

Also known as: tDCS
Mixed VF, sEMG with anodal tDCSMixed VF, sEMG with sham tDCSVF with anodal tDCSVF with sham tDCSsEMG with anodal tDCSsEMG with sham tDCS

Motor learning training can be enhanced by adjuvant techniques such as non-invasive neural stimulation and explicit reward. Both influence the primary motor cortex (M1), a key neural substrate of motor skill learning. Non-invasive neural stimulation reduces dysphagia after stroke as measured with subjective swallowing severity scales, however it is unknown whether it could also enhance swallowing maneuver training. Explicit reward (i.e. financial) incentivizes successful gains during motor training. Explicit reward has never been investigated in swallowing rehabilitation. However, it has been shown that increasing stress and financial penalty can reduce swallowing frequency in healthy adults.

Also known as: Explicit Reward
Mixed VF, sEMG with financial rewardVF with rewardsEMG with financial reward

training swallowing maneuvers or compensatory techniques (referred to as targeted dysphagia training throughout this document) that might reduce their swallowing pathophysiology

Mixed VF and sEMGMixed VF, sEMG with anodal tDCSMixed VF, sEMG with financial rewardMixed VF, sEMG with sham tDCSSurface Electromyography (sEMG)VF with anodal tDCSVF with rewardVF with sham tDCSVideofluoroscopy (VF) and BariumsEMG with anodal tDCSsEMG with financial rewardsEMG with sham tDCS

The videofluoroscopy (VF) and barium will be used to record swallowing in all participant groups. This will capture full resolution VF images of all subjects in real time in the lateral view. From the digital recording, image sequencing will be exported to an image processing computer system and archived. The image intensifier will be focused on the lips, posterior pharyngeal wall, hard palate, and just below the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), providing a full view of the oral cavity and neck. A simultaneously recorded time-code will facilitate frame-by-frame data analysis. VF is the only option for visualizing swallowing kinematics during the pharyngeal swallow.

Also known as: VF
Mixed VF and sEMGMixed VF, sEMG with anodal tDCSMixed VF, sEMG with financial rewardMixed VF, sEMG with sham tDCSVF with anodal tDCSVF with rewardVF with sham tDCSVideofluoroscopy (VF) and Barium

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) will be used to provide a single-pulse to the brain.

Also known as: TMS
Mixed VF, sEMG with anodal tDCSMixed VF, sEMG with sham tDCSVF with anodal tDCSVF with sham tDCSsEMG with anodal tDCSsEMG with sham tDCS

Submental Electromyography (sEMG) is used to train participants swallowing maneuvers.

Also known as: sEMG
Mixed VF and sEMGMixed VF, sEMG with anodal tDCSMixed VF, sEMG with financial rewardMixed VF, sEMG with sham tDCSSurface Electromyography (sEMG)sEMG with anodal tDCSsEMG with financial rewardsEMG with sham tDCS

Eligibility Criteria

Age21 Years - 100 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • swallowing problem

You may not qualify if:

  • pregnant
  • allergy to barium
  • moderate to severe dementia
  • serious respiratory illness

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

University of Florida Dental Tower Room 130 (DG130)

Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

  • Azola AM, Greene LR, Taylor-Kamara I, Macrae P, Anderson C, Humbert IA. The Relationship Between Submental Surface Electromyography and Hyo-Laryngeal Kinematic Measures of Mendelsohn Maneuver Duration. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015 Dec;58(6):1627-36. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0203.

    PMID: 26426312BACKGROUND
  • Macrae P, Anderson C, Taylor-Kamara I, Humbert I. The effects of feedback on volitional manipulation of airway protection during swallowing. J Mot Behav. 2014;46(2):133-9. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2013.878303. Epub 2014 Feb 14.

    PMID: 24528182BACKGROUND
  • Humbert IA, German RZ. New directions for understanding neural control in swallowing: the potential and promise of motor learning. Dysphagia. 2013 Mar;28(1):1-10. doi: 10.1007/s00455-012-9432-y. Epub 2012 Nov 30.

    PMID: 23192633BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Deglutition DisordersStroke

Interventions

Biofeedback, PsychologyTranscranial Direct Current StimulationBariumTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Esophageal DiseasesGastrointestinal DiseasesDigestive System DiseasesPharyngeal DiseasesOtorhinolaryngologic DiseasesCerebrovascular DisordersBrain DiseasesCentral Nervous System DiseasesNervous System DiseasesVascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mind-Body TherapiesComplementary TherapiesTherapeuticsBehavior TherapyPsychotherapyBehavioral Disciplines and ActivitiesFeedback, PsychologicalElectric Stimulation TherapyConvulsive TherapyPsychiatric Somatic TherapiesElectroshockPsychological TechniquesMetals, Alkaline EarthElementsInorganic ChemicalsMetals, HeavyMetalsMagnetic Field Therapy

Study Officials

  • Inaessa A Humbert, Ph.D.

    University of Florida

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Susan Nittrouer, Ph.D.

    University of Florida

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
TRIPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 12, 2015

First Posted

October 15, 2015

Study Start

November 1, 2015

Primary Completion

September 19, 2019

Study Completion

September 19, 2019

Last Updated

October 4, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-10

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations