Bacterial Resistance in Patients Receiving Post-Intravitreal Injection Antibiotics

NCT02223338 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: 5140215
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 120
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

1. 1.Background: Over 1 million intravitreal injections are performed annually in the United States. The most devastating complication related to these injections is endophthalmitis, with an incidence of 0.02 - 0.1% per injection. Techniques aimed at prevention of this complication have been studied, though emergence rates of antibiotic resistant bacteria in a single clinic population comparing antiseptic technique with iodine vs. use of post-injection second generation fluoroquinolones has not been reported in the literature.
2. 2.Objectives: The purpose of the study is to help determine the best way to prevent infection and limit antibiotic resistance in patients receiving eye injections.
3. 3.Procedures Involved (Research Interventions): After the patient is chosen based on inclusion criteria and agrees to participate in the study, exclusion criteria will be reviewed, cognizance will be determined, informed consent and HIPAA compliance forms will be signed. At this point and prior to the instillation of ophthalmic medications, a Rayon swab will be passed along the inferior fornix of the study eye while the patient looks up and the examiner lowers the lower eyelid. The swab will then be used to inoculate chocolate agar and a blood agar culture plates and a glass slide. These will be brought to the FMO microbiology department for culture and Gram stain. All Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species identified will be subjected to sensitivity testing using the Gram Positive antibiotic panel available at Loma Linda, with the addition of ciprofloxacin.

Conditions

Bacterial Resistance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Number of Participants With Resistance of Ocular Flora to Commonly Used Post-injection Prophylactic Antibiotics

  Resistance of all coagulase negative staph and staph aureus species to a panel of commonly used antibiotics will be determined and compared between groups. Resistance will be measured using minimum inhibitory concentrations which will be tested on the Siemens MicroScan instrument by doubling broth dilutions. Antibiotic susceptibility interpretations using the categories "S" for susceptible, "I" for Intermediate and "R" for Resistance based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Ciprofloxacin will be tested using the Biomerieux "E test" strip. The test directly quantifies antimicrobial susceptibility in terms of discrete MIC values on a continuous gradient strip. The MIC values are also based on the CLSI guidelines giving interpretations of "S", "I" or "R". For information on other antibiotics to be tested, please contact the investigator or provide more characters for input.

  Cultured organisms will be subjected to resistance panels once they have grown and been identified. Cultures will be followed for 7 days total, and if no growth is recorded at that time they will be considered sterile.

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Average Number of Antibiotics to Which Isolated Organisms Were Resistant

  Through study completion, average of 4 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Ciprofloxacin

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Ciprofloxacin: Patients with choroidal neovascularization due to wet age-related macular degeneration or any other cause, clinically significant macular edema or cystoid macular edema over age 18 who have been treated with at least 3 monthly intravitreal injections of an anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) agent in the last 6 months. These patients must have been instructed to use post-injection topical ciprofloxacin 0.3% 4x daily for 3 days. On the visit of their next injection, a conjunctival swab will be taken in the inferior fornix prior to instillation of any ophthalmic drops.

Drug: Ciprofloxacin

Standard Aseptic Technique

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Standard Aseptic Technique: Patients with choroidal neovascularization due to wet age-related macular degeneration or any other cause, clinically significant macular edema or cystoid macular edema over age 18 who have been treated with at least 3 monthly intravitreal injections of an anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) agent in the last 6 months. These injections must have been given with povidone-iodine only applied to the injection site and conjunctival fornix prior to injection, but no post-injection antibiotics were given. On the visit of their next injection, a conjunctival swab will be taken in the inferior fornix prior to instillation of any ophthalmic drops.

Drug: Standard Aseptic Technique

Interventions

Ciprofloxacin DRUG

Use of topical ciprofloxacin 4x daily for 3 days after intravitreal injection using standard aseptic techniques with Povidone-Iodine is a common practice intervention in the United States, and is thought by some to reduce the risk of post-injection endophthalmitis.

Also known as: ciloxan

Ciprofloxacin

Standard Aseptic Technique DRUG

Patients in this group will have received Povidone-Iodine Only following injections of anti-VEGF agents at least 3 times in the last 6 months.

Also known as: betadyne

Standard Aseptic Technique

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Patients with choroidal neovascularization due to wet age-related macular degeneration or any other cause, clinically significant macular edema or cystoid macular edema over age 18 who have been treated with at least 3 monthly intravitreal injections of an anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) agent in the last 6 months. These injections must have been given in either Dr. Fan's clinic using povidone-iodine and post-injection topical ciprofloxacin 0.3% 4x daily for 3 days, or in Dr. Rauser's clinic where povidone-iodine only is applied to the injection site and conjunctival fornix but no post-injection antibiotics are given.

You may not qualify if:

• Administration of anti-VEGF agents outside of Dr. Fan's or Dr. Rauser's clinics
• Intraocular surgery
• Use of topical antibiotics other than ciprofloxacin 0.3%
• Infections of the eye or ocular adnexa within the last 3 months
• Use of oral antibiotics within the last 30 days
• Contact lens wear.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Loma Linda University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Loma Linda University of Health Sciences Faculty Medical Offices

Loma Linda, California, 92354, United States

Location

Related Publications (9)

• McCannel CA. Meta-analysis of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents: causative organisms and possible prevention strategies. Retina. 2011 Apr;31(4):654-61. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31820a67e4.

  PMID: 21330939 BACKGROUND

• Moshfeghi AA, Rosenfeld PJ, Flynn HW Jr, Schwartz SG, Davis JL, Murray TG, Smiddy WE, Berrocal AM, Dubovy SR, Lee WH, Albini TA, Lalwani GA, Kovach JL, Puliafito CA. Endophthalmitis after intravitreal vascular [corrected] endothelial growth factor antagonists: a six-year experience at a university referral center. Retina. 2011 Apr;31(4):662-8. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31821067c4.

  PMID: 21836400 BACKGROUND

• Kim SJ, Toma HS. Ophthalmic antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance a randomized, controlled study of patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Ophthalmology. 2011 Jul;118(7):1358-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.12.014. Epub 2011 Mar 21.

  PMID: 21420176 BACKGROUND

• Kim SJ, Toma HS. Antimicrobial resistance and ophthalmic antibiotics: 1-year results of a longitudinal controlled study of patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Sep;129(9):1180-8. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.213.

  PMID: 21911665 BACKGROUND

• Mino De Kaspar H, Hoepfner AS, Engelbert M, Thiel M, Ta CN, Mette M, Schulze-Schwering M, Grasbon T, Sesma-Vea B, Casas JM, Iturralde-Goni R, Klauss V, Kampik A. Antibiotic resistance pattern and visual outcome in experimentally-induced Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. Ophthalmology. 2001 Mar;108(3):470-8. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00545-5.

  PMID: 11237900 BACKGROUND

• Miller D, Flynn PM, Scott IU, Alfonso EC, Flynn HW Jr. In vitro fluoroquinolone resistance in staphylococcal endophthalmitis isolates. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Apr;124(4):479-83. doi: 10.1001/archopht.124.4.479.

  PMID: 16606872 BACKGROUND

• Green-Simms AE, Ekdawi NS, Bakri SJ. Survey of intravitreal injection techniques among retinal specialists in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011 Feb;151(2):329-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.08.039. Epub 2010 Dec 18.

  PMID: 21168821 BACKGROUND

• Bhatt SS, Stepien KE, Joshi K. Prophylactic antibiotic use after intravitreal injection: effect on endophthalmitis rate. Retina. 2011 Nov;31(10):2032-6. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31820f4b4f.

  PMID: 21659941 BACKGROUND

• Cheung CS, Wong AW, Lui A, Kertes PJ, Devenyi RG, Lam WC. Incidence of endophthalmitis and use of antibiotic prophylaxis after intravitreal injections. Ophthalmology. 2012 Aug;119(8):1609-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.02.014. Epub 2012 Apr 4.

  PMID: 22480743 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Ciprofloxacin

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Fluoroquinolones; 4-Quinolones; Quinolones; Quinolines; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Dr. David Sierpina
• Organization: Loma Linda University

dsierpina@llu.edu

9095582154

Study Officials

• Michael Rauser, MD

  Loma Linda University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: Yes

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NON RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: SCREENING
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: MD

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 28, 2014
• First Posted: August 22, 2014
• Study Start: October 1, 2014
• Primary Completion: May 1, 2016
• Study Completion: May 1, 2016
• Last Updated: November 7, 2017
• Results First Posted: November 7, 2017

Record last verified: 2017-10

Locations

US (1)