NCT02203240

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of consuming cocoa on blood glucose levels, glucose metabolism, and other markers of pre-diabetes in overweight and/or obese individuals. Our hypothesis is that consumption of cocoa improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in subjects at risk for developing type-2 diabetes.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
16

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Jun 2014

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

June 1, 2014

Completed
2 months until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

July 26, 2014

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

July 29, 2014

Completed
1.3 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 1, 2015

Completed
5 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

May 1, 2016

Completed
Last Updated

September 21, 2023

Status Verified

September 1, 2023

Enrollment Period

1.5 years

First QC Date

July 26, 2014

Last Update Submit

September 18, 2023

Conditions

Keywords

CacaoPolyphenolsPrediabetic StateBlood GlucoseGlucose IntoleranceDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ObesityMuscle, SkeletalEndotoxinsGut PermeabilityIncretinsMetabolic Flexibility

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Change in insulin sensitivity

    Insulin sensitivity will be determined using Bergman's minimal model (MINMOD Millennium software) via a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Fasting baseline blood samples will be taken prior to the dextrose injection (0.3 g/kg; 50% solution) at minute 0. Venous samples will be collected at minutes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18. Insulin (0.025 U/kg) will be injected at minute 20. Venous sampling will continue at minutes 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 150, and 180. Glucose concentration will be immediately analyzed an automated glucose oxidase analyzer. Insulin will be later measured from serum using the Immulite 1000 immunoassay analyzer.

    Baseline and 4 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (5)

  • Change in blood glucose response to a mixed meal

    Baseline and 1 week

  • Change in hormone secretion response to a mixed meal

    Baseline and 1 week

  • Change in skeletal muscle metabolic flexibility

    Baseline and 4 weeks

  • Change in blood endotoxin levels

    Baseline and 4 weeks

  • Change in gut permeability

    Baseline and 4 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Cocoa

EXPERIMENTAL

3 servings of polyphenol-rich cocoa beverage consumed per day.

Other: Cocoa

Placebo

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

3 servings of non-cocoa beverage consumed per day.

Other: Placebo

Interventions

CocoaOTHER
Cocoa
PlaceboOTHER
Placebo

Eligibility Criteria

Age40 Years - 75 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than or equal to 25 and less than 40.
  • Have at least one of the following: 1) impaired fasting glucose (IFG) after an overnight fast with plasma glucose concentration between 100-125 mg/dl, 2) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) as identified by the standard Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 2 hour plasma glucose concentration between 140-200 mg/dl following 75 g glucose OGTT, 3) HbA1c levels between 5.7-6.4% or 4) considered at risk to developing type 2 diabetes by the American Diabetes Association risk assessment. If subjects are above the prediabetic range for any of these tests (indicating they may be type 2 diabetic), they will be excluded and referred to their physician.
  • Weight stable (+/-2 kg) for the last 6 months.
  • Sedentary to recreationally active (less than 2 d/wk, 20 min/d).
  • Have a blood pressure that is less than 160/100 mmHg, total cholesterol that is less than 300 mg/dl and a triglyceride concentration of less than 450 mg/dl.

You may not qualify if:

  • Past or current history of coronary heart disease, stroke or major cardiovascular disease events, respiratory diseases, endocrine or metabolic diseases (including type 1 and type 2 diabetes), inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, or neurological or hematological disorders that would compromise the study or the health of the subject.
  • Past or current history of gastrointestinal disorders (including lactose intolerance, ulcers, cancer (stomach, intestinal, colon, pancreatic, liver, etc) NASH, NAFLD, cirrhosis, IBD/IBS, celiac disease, etc).
  • Current use of any medication including but not limited to cholesterol lowering medication (including fibric acid derivatives and niacin), antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, azole antifungals, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormone replacement therapy or antioxidants/supplements.
  • Use of antibiotics, prebiotics, or probiotics within the prior 3 months.
  • Smoking or other tobacco use
  • Habitual consumption of alcohol more than 2 servings/d for males and 1 serving/d for females.
  • Strict vegetarians or vegans, or strong aversions to major food groups that may be part of the controlled diet.
  • Recent surgery
  • History of alcohol or drug abuse.
  • Pregnant or plan to become pregnant
  • Allergic to either lidocaine or bupivacaine

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory

Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Prediabetic StateGlucose IntoleranceDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Obesity

Interventions

Chocolate

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes MellitusGlucose Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesEndocrine System DiseasesHyperglycemiaOverweightOvernutritionNutrition DisordersBody WeightSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

FoodDiet, Food, and NutritionPhysiological PhenomenaFood and Beverages

Study Officials

  • Andrew P Neilson, PhD

    Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

July 26, 2014

First Posted

July 29, 2014

Study Start

June 1, 2014

Primary Completion

December 1, 2015

Study Completion

May 1, 2016

Last Updated

September 21, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-09

Locations