NCT01943435

Brief Summary

BACKGROUND: Lumbar spinal stenosis - known by patients as "arthritis of the spine" - is a condition that is very common; found in about 30% of older adults. It is the most common reason for people over the age of 65 to have back surgery. Some patients with stenosis do not need back surgery and can be treated with other methods, such as physical therapy, chiropractic, exercise, and medication. But we just don't have enough good research to tell us which treatment works best for which patient and under which circumstances. This research study hopes to provide more information about the effectiveness of the various non-surgical choices for managing stenosis. OBJECTIVES: This study will directly compare the effectiveness of three common non-surgical treatment approaches for stenosis:

  1. 1.Medical care that involves prescription medications and/or spinal injections (epidurals)
  2. 2.Group exercise in supervised classes given in a community center setting
  3. 3.Hands-on (manual) therapy and rehabilitative exercises given in a clinic setting by physical therapists and chiropractors

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
259

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Nov 2013

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

September 8, 2013

Completed
9 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

September 17, 2013

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

November 20, 2013

Completed
2.5 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 7, 2016

Completed
3 days until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 10, 2016

Completed
11 months until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

May 17, 2017

Completed
Last Updated

April 2, 2018

Status Verified

March 1, 2018

Enrollment Period

2.5 years

First QC Date

September 8, 2013

Results QC Date

February 9, 2017

Last Update Submit

March 5, 2018

Conditions

Keywords

Spinal StenosisSpinal manipulationExerciseEpidural injection

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SSS) Questionnaire Score

    Our primary aim included a primary outcome measure of self-reported pain/function, which was the change in SSS total score between baseline and 8 weeks. The Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire (SSS) is a validated 12-item condition-specific instrument for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. It provides a patient self-report measure of pain and physical function. Higher scores represent worse symptoms and less physical function. The 12-item SSS total score range is 12-55. For our analysis, we compared the change in the 12-item Total score from baseline to 8 weeks.

    Primary End-Point was 8 weeks ( 2 weeks after completion of 6-week intervention).

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Self Paced Walking Test (SPWT)

    Primary end-point was 8 weeks ( 2 weeks after 6 week intervention is completed).

Other Outcomes (1)

  • Sense Wear Armband

    Primary End-Point was 8 weeks ( 2 weeks after completion of 6-week intervention).

Study Arms (3)

Medical Care

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); adjunctive analgesics; adjunctive anti-depressants. Participants assigned to this group will see a board certified physical medicine and rehabilitation physician for a history and examination, after which a determination will be made about a course of treatment that involve medications that are individualized to the needs of each patient. * NSAIDs: ibuprofen, celecoxib, or diclofenac/misoprostol * Adjunctive analgesics: acetaminophen, tramadol, or gabapentin * Adjunctive antidepressant agents: nortriptyline, duloxetine, sertraline, trazodone, or mirtazapine Lumbar epidural injection: these will be prescribed by the physician if warranted due to severity of symptoms or lack of adequate response to oral medications.

Drug: NSAIDs; adjunctive analgesics; adjunctive anti-depressantsProcedure: Lumbar epidural injection

Group Exercise

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Group Exercise: community setting. This arm will involve attendance at community based group exercise classes that are taught by senior physical fitness instructors. These classes are designed specifically for older adults. Exercise frequency will be 2 times per week, for a total of 12 visits over the 6-week research period. These exercise classes will be attended at local community senior centers which cater to the needs of older adults. The subjects can self-select which particular exercise class they prefer to attend, based upon their level of fitness and physical function.

Other: Group Exercise: community setting

Manual therapy and exercise

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

This group of subjects will be treated with a combination of manual therapy and rehabilitative exercise procedures that are commonly used in the physical therapy and chiropractic professions. Subjects will be treated at a frequency of 2 times per week, for a total of 12 visits over the 6-week research period. Treatments will be provided by licensed physical therapists and chiropractors using a combination of Joint Mobilizations (spine, sacroiliac, hip), muscle stretching and strengthening exercises. Individualized exercises: clinical setting. These exercises will be tailored to the individual needs of each research participant by the treating physical therapist or chiropractor.

Other: Joint Mobilizations (spine, sacroiliac, hip)Other: Individualized exercises: clinical setting

Interventions

Physician will administer these medications based upon the individual needs of each patient.

Also known as: ibuprofen, celecoxib, diclofenac, misoprostol, acetaminophen, tramadol, gabapentin, nortriptyline, duloxetine, sertraline, trazodone, mirtazapine
Medical Care

The attending physician may refer subjects for epidural injections at a pain clinic that is affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. All epidural injections will be provided by licensed physicians who are board certified in physical medicine and rehabilitation or anesthesiology.

Medical Care

These joint mobilizations will be applied manually to the lumbar facet joints, sacroiliac joints, and/or hip joints by licensed physical therapists and chiropractors.

Manual therapy and exercise

The treating physical therapist or chiropractor will work with each subject to develop a set of individualized exercises in the clinic setting. The goal is to have the subjects continue these exercises at home.

Manual therapy and exercise

The group exercise will take place at community centers that provide exercise classes for older adult. The exercises are taught by certified fitness instructors in a group setting at these community centers.

Group Exercise

Eligibility Criteria

Age60 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Minimum age of 60 years
  • Can read/write English and understand directions
  • Diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis confirmed by CT or MRI scan
  • Has limitation of standing and/or walking tolerance
  • Willing to attend treatments 2 times per week for 6 weeks
  • Ability to walk at least 50 feet without the need for a cane or walker

You may not qualify if:

  • History of metastatic cancer
  • Advised by a physician not to exercise
  • History of lumbar surgery for spinal stenosis or previous lumbar fusion
  • Presence of severe peripheral artery disease in legs
  • Severe hypertension: Systolic \> 200 mm/hg or Diastolic \> 110 mm/hg
  • Ankle brachial index \< 0.8
  • Neurologic or neurodegenerative disease other than stenosis that severly impairs the ability to walk
  • Presence of cauda equina symptoms (saddle paresthesia, progressive loss of bladder/bowel function, etc)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

UPMC Shadyside Center for Integrative Medicine

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15232, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

  • Schneider M, Ammendolia C, Murphy D, Glick R, Piva S, Hile E, Tudorascu D, Morton SC. Comparison of non-surgical treatment methods for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Chiropr Man Therap. 2014 May 10;22:19. doi: 10.1186/2045-709X-22-19. eCollection 2014.

    PMID: 24872875BACKGROUND
  • Roseen EJ, Smith CN, Rahim A, Deal C, Fischer R, Morone NE, Flack A, Penza C, Suri P, Dougherty PE, Weiner DK, Schneider MJ. Which lumbar spinal stenosis patients will improve with nonsurgical treatment? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Chiropr Man Therap. 2025 Dec 9;33(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12998-025-00620-0.

  • Schneider MJ, Ammendolia C, Murphy DR, Glick RM, Hile E, Tudorascu DL, Morton SC, Smith C, Patterson CG, Piva SR. Comparative Clinical Effectiveness of Nonsurgical Treatment Methods in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jan 4;2(1):e186828. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6828.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Spinal StenosisMotor Activity

Interventions

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalIbuprofenCelecoxibDiclofenacMisoprostolAcetaminophenTramadolGabapentinNortriptylineDuloxetine HydrochlorideSertralineTrazodoneMirtazapinePapaverine

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Spinal DiseasesBone DiseasesMusculoskeletal DiseasesBehavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Analgesics, Non-NarcoticAnalgesicsSensory System AgentsPeripheral Nervous System AgentsPhysiological Effects of DrugsPharmacologic ActionsChemical Actions and UsesAnti-Inflammatory AgentsTherapeutic UsesAntirheumatic AgentsPhenylpropionatesAcids, CarbocyclicCarboxylic AcidsOrganic ChemicalsBenzenesulfonamidesSulfonamidesAmidesBenzene DerivativesHydrocarbons, AromaticHydrocarbons, CyclicHydrocarbonsSulfonesSulfur CompoundsPyrazolesAzolesHeterocyclic Compounds, 1-RingHeterocyclic CompoundsPhenylacetatesProstaglandins E, SyntheticProstaglandins, SyntheticProstaglandinsEicosanoidsFatty Acids, UnsaturatedFatty AcidsLipidsAutacoidsInflammation MediatorsBiological FactorsAcetanilidesAnilidesAniline CompoundsAminesCyclohexanolsHexanolsFatty AlcoholsAlcoholsDimethylaminesMethylaminesgamma-Aminobutyric AcidAminobutyratesButyratesAcids, AcyclicCyclohexanecarboxylic AcidsCyclohexanesCycloparaffinsHydrocarbons, AlicyclicAmino AcidsAmino Acids, Peptides, and ProteinsDibenzocycloheptenesBenzocycloheptenesPolycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsPolycyclic CompoundsThiophenes1-NaphthylamineNaphthalenesPiperazinesPyridonesPyridinesDibenzazepinesHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingHeterocyclic Compounds, Fused-RingBenzylisoquinolinesAlkaloidsOpiate AlkaloidsIsoquinolinesHeterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring

Limitations and Caveats

We realize in retrospect that our original choice of the term "usual medical care" may have been confusing, because there is great variation in the medical management of patients with stenosis. We suggest that "medical care" is a better term.

Results Point of Contact

Title
Michael Schneider, PhD, DC - Associate Professor and Principal Investigator
Organization
University of Pittsburgh

Study Officials

  • Michael J Schneider, PhD, DC

    University of Pittsburgh

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
Yes

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

September 8, 2013

First Posted

September 17, 2013

Study Start

November 20, 2013

Primary Completion

June 7, 2016

Study Completion

June 10, 2016

Last Updated

April 2, 2018

Results First Posted

May 17, 2017

Record last verified: 2018-03

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

De-identified data may be shared with other researchers at the discretion and approval of the PI.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF

Locations