Thinking and Memory Problems in People With HIV

NCT01875588 | Recruiting

• 2 other identifiers: 13014913-N-0149
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 1,150
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Background: \- People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can sometimes develop thinking and memory problems. These problems can vary widely, from few symptoms to severe problems with memory and concentration. It initially was thought that good HIV treatment could prevent almost all HIV-related memory problems. However, even people with low HIV viral loads can have these problems. It may be caused by HIV affecting the brain and spinal fluid. It is not yet clear why HIV causes these problems and why they may be worse in some people than others. Researchers want to study people with HIV and healthy volunteers to see how HIV may affect people with only small amounts of the virus in their blood. Objectives: \- To study thinking and memory problems in individuals with HIV that is otherwise controlled with medications. Eligibility:

• Individuals between 18 of age or older whose HIV has been controlled with medications for at least 1 year.
• Healthy volunteers between 18 of age or older. Design:
• Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. Blood and urine samples will be collected. A neurological test will also be given. Participants will have a baseline imaging study of the brain.
• Within 12 weeks of the first visit, participants will have a second visit. Additional blood samples will be drawn. Another brain imaging study will be performed.
• Within 8 weeks of the second visit, participants will have a third visit to collect more blood samples. They will also provide spinal fluid samples, either as a single visit or a longer procedure.
• After this visit, participants will return every 12 months for up to 10 years. Blood samples will be collected as needed at these visits. Thinking and memory tests and imaging studies may also be given as needed. Spinal fluid may be collected at one visit a year.

Conditions

HIV Positive

Keywords

Healthy Controls; HIV Positive; Neuropyschological Testing; Thinking and Memory; Lumbar Drain/Puncture; Natural History

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• To characterize in detail the natural course of HAND in subjects with prolonged plasma HIV virologic suppression (<50 copies/mL).

  The prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in this cohort will be high despite HIV plasma viremia below the limit of detection (BLD) in the blood as chronic activation may be mediating neuronal damage and result in cognitive impairment.

  Annually

Study Arms (3)

DOD

Participants that are from IDCRP

HIV negative controls

Participants that do not have HIV infection

HIV positive

Participants that have HIV infection

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 110 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Any person meeting eligibility criteria and has no exclusionary criteria will be considered for the study.@@@

You may qualify if:

• All Participants (HIV-infected and HIV-negative Controls):
• years of age and older.
• Ability to sign informed consent by the participant.
• At least seventh grade educational level and ability to speak, read, and understand English. Education level will be assessed by participant self-report. Because many of the neuropsychological subtests were validated using United States norms, participants must be native English speakers or if foreign-born, demonstrate ability to understand the English language at the time of protocol consent and neuropsychological testing.
• Consent to store blood and tissue.
• Willing to participate in this study for up to 20 years.
• HIV-infected Only:
• HIV-1 infection, as documented by OraQuick rapid test using venipuncture whole blood, or fingerstick whole blood; or with HIV-1/HIV-2 Multispot rapid test and Western Blot as determined by NIH Clinical Pathology Laboratory or Leidos Biomedical Research. Monitoring Laboratory.
• Outside primary medical doctor who provides care.
• Plasma HIV-RNA \<50 copies/mm3 or BLD for greater than one year. Participants who experience transitory episodes of an HIV viral load \> 50 copies/mm3 preceded and followed by plasma viremia \< 50 copies/mm3 may be included.
• At least one year of continuous ART.
• HIV-negative Controls Only:
• HIV-antibody negative but can be taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

You may not qualify if:

• Illness or other condition that, in the opinion of the PI, may interfere with study participation at the time of enrollment, including, but not limited to those listed below:
• CNS infections: this includes but is not limited to Varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis, CNS lymphoma and toxoplasmosis. Participants who have recovered from effectively treated CNS infections may be considered once they resume baseline daily activities.
• Non-CNS opportunistic infections: Participants who recovered from or are completing treatment for non-CNS opportunistic infections (Ois) (e.g., Pneumocystis pneumonia, Candida esophagitis, or pulmonary TB) can be enrolled if they have returned to self-reported baseline activity and functional level.
• Conditions other than HAND associated with cognitive impairment or dementia such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, head injury with loss of consciousness \>30 minutes, untreated sleep apnea with day-time sleepiness, or seizure disorders. Participants with a history of seizure disorder with no seizure activity that are on a stable, non-sedating anti-seizure regimen for \>6 months may be enrolled.
• Concurrent severe, unstable psychiatric illness that, in the opinion of the investigators, may interfere with study participation and/or data interpretation. Participants on psychotropic anxiolytic, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other psychiatric medications may be included if clinically stable for 6 months.
• Contraindication to MRI scanning, including pacemakers or other implanted electrical devices, brain stimulators, some types of dental implants, aneurysm clips (metal clips on the wall of a large artery), metallic prostheses (including metal pins and rods, heart valves, and cochlear implants), implanted delivery pump, or shrapnel fragments. Participants requiring a low dose oral benzodiazepine for mild to moderate claustrophobia will be allowed to participate. Pregnancy testing will be performed in enrolled participants of childbearing potential 48 hours prior to any MRI.
• Medications: narcotics, psychiatric, and anti-seizure medications will not be allowed except under certain conditions as noted above. Corticosteroids may be permitted for participants on stable short-term therapy without CNS disease (i.e. resolving Pneumocystis pneumonia). Participants must be willing not to take the following medications within 48 hours of neuropsychological testing: sedating antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, zolpidem and other drugs identified by the study team that are associated with altered alertness or impaired memory.
• Prior or planned/anticipated exposure to radiation due to clinical care or participation in other research protocols, which would exceed the recommended acceptable annual limit of radiation exposure once accounting for the requirements of the current study.
• Pregnant persons are excluded due to exposure to high magnetic fields There is also exposure to radiation from the lumbar puncture if done under fluoroscopy. Participants of childbearing potental must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy 48 hours prior to any radiation exposure.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS): lead

Study Sites (1)

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States

RECRUITING

Related Publications (3)

• Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, Brew BJ, Byrd DA, Cherner M, Clifford DB, Cinque P, Epstein LG, Goodkin K, Gisslen M, Grant I, Heaton RK, Joseph J, Marder K, Marra CM, McArthur JC, Nunn M, Price RW, Pulliam L, Robertson KR, Sacktor N, Valcour V, Wojna VE. Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology. 2007 Oct 30;69(18):1789-99. doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b. Epub 2007 Oct 3.

  PMID: 17914061 BACKGROUND

• McArthur JC. HIV dementia: an evolving disease. J Neuroimmunol. 2004 Dec;157(1-2):3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.08.042.

  PMID: 15579274 BACKGROUND

• Sacktor N, McDermott MP, Marder K, Schifitto G, Selnes OA, McArthur JC, Stern Y, Albert S, Palumbo D, Kieburtz K, De Marcaida JA, Cohen B, Epstein L. HIV-associated cognitive impairment before and after the advent of combination therapy. J Neurovirol. 2002 Apr;8(2):136-42. doi: 10.1080/13550280290049615.

  PMID: 11935465 BACKGROUND

Related Links

• NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web Page

MeSH Terms

Conditions

HIV Seropositivity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

HIV Infections; Blood-Borne Infections; Communicable Diseases; Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Lentivirus Infections; Retroviridae Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Genital Diseases; Urogenital Diseases; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immune System Diseases

Study Officials

• Avindra Nath, M.D.

  National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Amanda M Wiebold

CONTACT

(301) 594-5194; amanda.wiebold@nih.gov

Avindra Nath, M.D.

CONTACT

(301) 496-1561; natha@mail.nih.gov

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: NIH
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 11, 2013
• First Posted: June 12, 2013
• Study Start: July 8, 2013
• Primary Completion (Estimated): February 22, 2037
• Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-03-04

Locations

US (1)