Effect of Snacks on Appetite Control

NCT01806688 | Completed Results

• 2 other identifiers: H2013:036RRC/2013/1276
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 46
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This clinical trial is being conducted to study whether eating certain snacks will reduce your desire to eat and for a longer period of time compared to other snacks. The investigators are testing 2 different snacks. Study #1 will involve eating 2 different seed-like snacks or water. Study #2 will involve eating pita bread with jam, bread with jam or water. The test snack is higher in protein and/or fibre compared to the reference product.

Conditions

Healthy Canadians; Appetite Control

Keywords

satiety; appetite; snack

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Total Area Under the Curve (AUC) for Hunger, Fullness, Desire to Eat and Prospective Consumption Using Visual Analog Scales (VAS)

  Appetite assessment was measured using a VAS questionnaire administered pre-snack and every 30 minutes post snack up to 180 minutes, for a total of 7 time points. The questionnaire included 4 questions (1) How hungry are you? (2) How full are you? (3) How strong is your desire to eat? (4) How much do you think you want to eat right now? Each question was followed by a 10 cm line anchored at the left and right ends by the opposing statements "not at all" and "extremely" for questions 1 and 2, "very weak " and "very strong" for question 3, and "nothing at all" and "a very large amount" for question 4. Participants provided their response to each question by marking a perpendicular line on the 10-cm line to indicate their answer. Scores were determined by measuring the distance in centimeters from the left anchor to the perpendicular line drawn by the participant. VAS scores over time were graphed and AUC was calculated using the trapezoid method.

  VAS administered pre-snack and then every 30 minutes after the first bite up to 180 minutes for a total of 7 time points.

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Number of Calories Consumed Post-snack Until Bedtime

  time between snack consumption and bedtime (12 hours)

Other Outcomes (2)

• Gastrointestinal Side Effects

  24h

• Likeability of Test and Reference Products Based on Sensory Scales

  immediately after eating test or reference product

Study Arms (2)

Experimental Snack #1

EXPERIMENTAL

One of three interventions to be administered at each visit, an experimental snack, a placebo comparator reference product or a placebo comparator non-caloric control. The experimental snack #1 is a gluten-free high protein snack comprised of a 30g serving of buckwheat groats. The placebo comparator reference product is a gluten-free snack with similar energy density, but 1/2 the protein as snack #1, comprised of a 32g serving of corn nuts. The placebo comparator non-caloric control is water.

Other: gluten-free high protein snack #1; Other: gluten-free snack with similar energy density but 1/2 the protein as snack #1; Other: non-caloric control

Experimental Snack #2

EXPERIMENTAL

One of three interventions to be administered at each visit, an experimental snack, a placebo comparator reference product or a placebo comparator non-caloric control. The experimental snack #2 is a gluten-free high protein and high fibre snack comprised of a 50g serving of a buckwheat and pinto bean flour pita bread. The placebo comparator reference product is a gluten-free snack with similar energy density, but less protein and fibre than snack #2, comprised of a 50g serving of rice bread. The placebo comparator non-caloric control is water.

Other: non-caloric control; Other: gluten-free high protein and high fibre snack #2; Other: gluten-free snack with similar energy density, but less protein and fibre than snack #2

Interventions

gluten-free high protein snack #1 OTHER

buckwheat groats 30g serving

Experimental Snack #1

gluten-free snack with similar energy density but 1/2 the protein as snack #1 OTHER

32g serving of corn nuts

Experimental Snack #1

non-caloric control OTHER

water

Experimental Snack #1; Experimental Snack #2

gluten-free high protein and high fibre snack #2 OTHER

buckwheat and pinto bean flour pita bread 50g serving

Experimental Snack #2

gluten-free snack with similar energy density, but less protein and fibre than snack #2 OTHER

50g serving of rice bread

Experimental Snack #2

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 20 Years - 70 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Body mass index 18-30kg/m2
• males and non-pregnant or non-lactating females

You may not qualify if:

• Diagnosis of disease by a medical doctor that requires medical treatment during the study period.
• Daily tobacco use.
• Physical Activity Level \>1.8.
• Eat meals at irregular or unusual times.
• Food allergy, aversion or unwillingness to eat study foods.
• Use of any prescription or non-prescription drug, herbal or nutritional supplement known to affect appetite.
• Presence of a gastrointestinal disorder.
• Score \>65% on any 1 of the 3 categories of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• St. Boniface Hospital: lead
• Manitoba Agri-Health Research Network: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

I. H. Asper Clinical Research Institute

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada

Location

Related Publications (3)

• Blundell J, de Graaf C, Hulshof T, Jebb S, Livingstone B, Lluch A, Mela D, Salah S, Schuring E, van der Knaap H, Westerterp M. Appetite control: methodological aspects of the evaluation of foods. Obes Rev. 2010 Mar;11(3):251-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00714.x. Epub 2010 Jan 29.

  PMID: 20122136 BACKGROUND

• Paddon-Jones D, Westman E, Mattes RD, Wolfe RR, Astrup A, Westerterp-Plantenga M. Protein, weight management, and satiety. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;87(5):1558S-1561S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1558S.

  PMID: 18469287 BACKGROUND

• Belski R. Fiber, protein, and lupin-enriched foods: role for improving cardiovascular health. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2012;66:147-215. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394597-6.00004-5.

  PMID: 22909980 BACKGROUND

Related Links

• Obesity in Canada: A joint report from the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Institute for Health Information
• Guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to appetite ratings, weight management, and blood glucose concentrations
• Draft guidance document: Satiety health claims on food from Health Canada

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Dr. Heather Blewett
• Organization: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

hblewett@sbrc.ca

204 237-2954

Study Officials

• Heather J Blewett, PhD

  St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Model Details: Randomized crossover

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 5, 2013
• First Posted: March 7, 2013
• Study Start: July 6, 2013
• Primary Completion: August 23, 2014
• Study Completion: August 23, 2014
• Last Updated: August 12, 2021
• Results First Posted: August 12, 2021

Record last verified: 2021-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CA (1)