NCT01804595

Brief Summary

This is a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of 4 sun protection interventions--education only; education and mailed sunscreen; education and text message reminders; and education, mailed sunscreen, and text message reminders--among Michigan Operating Engineers. Pre- and post-intervention surveys will be collected to determine changes in sunscreen use and sun burning, the primary outcome variables. The investigators hypothesize that all interventions will increase sunscreen use and reduce burning and that the education-only intervention will have the least effect of the 4 interventions while the education, mailed sunscreen, and text messaging arm will have the greatest effect.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
357

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_2

Timeline
Completed

Started Feb 2012

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

February 1, 2012

Completed
1.1 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 26, 2013

Completed
7 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

March 5, 2013

Completed
9 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 1, 2013

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 1, 2013

Completed
Last Updated

May 20, 2014

Status Verified

May 1, 2014

Enrollment Period

1.8 years

First QC Date

February 26, 2013

Last Update Submit

May 19, 2014

Conditions

Keywords

Worksite interventionSun protection interventionOperating Engineers

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

  • Sunscreen use

    Subjects will complete a baseline survey during safety training sessions in Winter when they get the educational intervention. In the past summer, on the days when you were outside in the sunlight, how often did you use sun block (never, some of the time, about half the time, most of the time, always)?

    Baseline

  • Sun Burning

    Subjects will complete a baseline survey during safety training sessions in Winter when they get the educational intervention. On average, how many times did you get a sunburn this past summer (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or more times)?

    Baseline

  • Sunscreen use

    Subjects will be texted or phoned this question monthly during the intervention period and will again receive this question on the longer follow up survey up to 5 months after the interventions end. In the past summer, on the days when you were outside in the sunlight, how often did you use sun block (never, some of the time, about half the time, most of the time, always)?

    Post-intervention

  • Sun Burning

    Subjects will be texted or phoned this question monthly during the intervention period and will again receive this question on the longer follow up survey up to 5 months after the interventions end. On average, how many times did you get a sunburn this past summer(0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or more times)?

    Post-intervention

Study Arms (4)

Sunscreen

EXPERIMENTAL

To reduce barriers to obtaining sunscreen and serve as cues to action, this group will be mailed during the months of May through September, a supply of SPF30 sunscreen lotion (known to prevent sun burning and skin cancer). The mailing will consist of large bottles of sunscreen and a small bottle that can be refilled and attached to their huge key rings that hang off of their belts.

Other: SunscreenBehavioral: Education

Text Message Reminders

EXPERIMENTAL

As cues to action, this group will receive 60 cellular telephone text-messages on three random mornings per week during the month of May, June, July, August, and September when UV rays are the highest. Using an internet text-messaging service, the messages will be computer generated and sent to Operating Engineers and contain information about weather conditions and various reminders (e.g., "Put on sunscreen today" or "Wow, it's a hot one, you know what to do!").

Behavioral: Text-Message RemindersBehavioral: Education

Sunscreen and Text Message Reminders

EXPERIMENTAL

Just as multimodal interventions such as surgery and radiation can be used to treat skin cancer, multimodal behavioral interventions may reduce sun burning and prevent skin cancer. To determine if the combination of these interventional components results in improvements above and beyond the individual parts, both sunscreen and text messaging interventions will be provided in addition to education.

Other: SunscreenBehavioral: Text-Message RemindersOther: Sunscreen and Text Message RemindersBehavioral: Education

Education

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

A 30-minute, picture enhanced power point presentation will be offered to all Operating Engineers during their annual safety trainings. The content of the power point presentation will include information on incidence and prevalence of skin cancer especially among outdoor workers, types of skin cancers and skin cancer risk, sunburn, Sun Protection Factor (SPF), sun protection behaviors including sunscreen use, correct application of sunscreen, types of products, and the new Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling of sunscreen products. In addition, other sun protection behaviors such as wearing hats, sunglasses, using shade, etc., will be discussed.

Behavioral: Education

Interventions

SunscreenSunscreen and Text Message Reminders
Sunscreen and Text Message RemindersText Message Reminders
Sunscreen and Text Message Reminders
EducationBEHAVIORAL
EducationSunscreenSunscreen and Text Message RemindersText Message Reminders

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • greater than 18 years of age
  • interested in enrolling in the sun protection study
  • owning a cell-phone that accepts text messages
  • willing to share their phone number with the study team

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

University of Michigan School of Nursing

Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

  • Walkosz BJ, Buller DB, Andersen PA, Scott MD, Dignan MB, Cutter GR, Maloy JA. Increasing sun protection in winter outdoor recreation a theory-based health communication program. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Jun;34(6):502-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.02.011.

    PMID: 18471586BACKGROUND
  • Armstrong AW, Watson AJ, Makredes M, Frangos JE, Kimball AB, Kvedar JC. Text-message reminders to improve sunscreen use: a randomized, controlled trial using electronic monitoring. Arch Dermatol. 2009 Nov;145(11):1230-6. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2009.269.

    PMID: 19917951BACKGROUND
  • Duffy SA, Ronis DL, Waltje AH, Choi SH. Protocol of a randomized controlled trial of sun protection interventions for operating engineers. BMC Public Health. 2013 Mar 26;13:273. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-273.

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Sunscreening AgentsEducational Status

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Radiation-Protective AgentsProtective AgentsPhysiological Effects of DrugsPharmacologic ActionsChemical Actions and UsesDermatologic AgentsTherapeutic UsesCosmeticsSpecialty Uses of ChemicalsSocioeconomic FactorsPopulation Characteristics

Study Officials

  • Sonia A Duffy, PhD, RN

    University of Michigan

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 2
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
TRIPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 26, 2013

First Posted

March 5, 2013

Study Start

February 1, 2012

Primary Completion

December 1, 2013

Study Completion

December 1, 2013

Last Updated

May 20, 2014

Record last verified: 2014-05

Locations