NCT01488136

Brief Summary

The investigators know that intensive insulin therapy and tight glucose control is associated with reduction of diabetic complications. However, many patients on insulin don't achieve this because of the risk and the fear of hypoglycaemia (too low blood glucose). There has been a lot of work done recently looking at the mechanisms by which the brain detects hypoglycaemia. A key player is a potassium channel in the brain (KATP channel). Studies have shown that when these channels are opened, there is a release of hormones such as adrenaline that can help in raising blood sugars to counteract and increase awareness of hypoglycaemia. The investigators study aims to look at an old drug called diazoxide, which is able to open KATP channels. The investigators aim to see if diazoxide will amplify the release of hormones such as adrenaline when the blood sugar is low. If this is the case, this will aid quicker recovery following hypoglycaemia. The investigators aim to do this by performing a well established experimental protocol that has been performed safely over the last 20 years called a clamp study. The clamp study will involve slowly bringing the blood sugars down using insulin and intravenous glucose in a controlled fashion. The main outcome will be the hormonal responses (adrenaline response) at a blood sugar level of 2.5mmol/L. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia will be monitored, as well as working memory tests using standardised questionnaires. The design of the investigators study will be a randomised trial comparing the effects of diazoxide with placebo in which all patients will receive both diazoxide and placebo in random order (crossover design).

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
12

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for phase_4

Timeline
Completed

Started Jan 2012

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 26, 2011

Completed
1 month until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

December 8, 2011

Completed
24 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

January 1, 2012

Completed
1.2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

March 1, 2013

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

March 1, 2013

Completed
Last Updated

October 14, 2019

Status Verified

October 1, 2019

Enrollment Period

1.2 years

First QC Date

October 26, 2011

Last Update Submit

October 11, 2019

Conditions

Keywords

Type 1 diabetesHypoglycaemiaDiazoxide

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Adrenaline response(pmol/L) at 2.5mmol/L of glucose

    The body secretes hormones such as adrenaline as a response to low blood sugars. Patients who have had insulin-dependant diabetes for over 5 years rely heavily on adrenaline release, to produce symptoms, so that they can respond appropriately to low blood sugars. However, this response is blunted in those with type 1 diabetes. Our question is whether the magnitude of this response can be increased by use of diazoxide in the context of hypoglycaemia, so that patients with insulin-dependant diabetes become better aware of hypoglycaemia.

    1 year

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Glucose Thresholds (calculated when counter-regulatory hormone release is greater than 2SD of hormone level at euglycaemia 4.0mmol/L blood sugar) of each of the counter-regulatory hormones (adrenaline, noradrenalin, glucagon)

    1 year

Other Outcomes (1)

  • Symptom scores and Cognitive function scores at 2.5mmol/L

    Done during the hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp

Study Arms (2)

Diazoxide

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Oral diazoxide 7 mg/kg

Drug: Diazoxide

Placebo

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Matched placebo

Drug: Placebo

Interventions

Diazoxide 7mg/kg, given 2 hours before the start of the clamp study

Also known as: Eudemine (Diazoxide)
Diazoxide

Lactose Ph capsules (Placebo)

Also known as: Lactose Ph capsules (Placebo)
Placebo

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 55 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Healthy adults (aged 18-55) with \>5 years disease duration
  • On intensive insulin therapy (CSII or multiple daily injections)
  • HbA1C\<8.0%
  • Ability to give written informed consent to participate in the study
  • BMI between 20-29

You may not qualify if:

  • History of significant cardiac, hepatic, renal or neurological disease.
  • Significant head injury, epilepsy or hypoglycaemia-induced seizures.
  • Pregnancy.
  • Breast feeding mothers.
  • Participants on thiazide diuretics
  • Participants on other potassium channel openers (nicorandil, minoxidil)
  • Participants on medications with vasodilatory properties such as methyldopa, reserpine, theophyllines and nitrites.
  • Participants on hydantoins (fosphenytoin, phenytoin)
  • Significant anaemia Hb\<11.0 and Hct\<33%.
  • If they have donated blood in the last 30 days.
  • All those who have participated in a CTIMP in the last 3 months
  • Participants who are already on diazoxide or who have a past history of allergy to diazoxide

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

NHS Tayside

Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom

Location

Related Publications (1)

  • George PS, Tavendale R, Palmer CN, McCrimmon RJ. Diazoxide improves hormonal counterregulatory responses to acute hypoglycemia in long-standing type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2015 Jun;64(6):2234-41. doi: 10.2337/db14-1539. Epub 2015 Jan 15.

    PMID: 25591873BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemia

Interventions

Diazoxide

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes MellitusGlucose Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesEndocrine System DiseasesAutoimmune DiseasesImmune System Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

BenzothiadiazinesSulfonamidesSulfonesSulfur CompoundsOrganic ChemicalsThiazidesHeterocyclic Compounds, 2-RingHeterocyclic Compounds, Fused-RingHeterocyclic Compounds

Study Officials

  • Rory J McCrimmon, MD

    Clinical Reader

    STUDY CHAIR
  • Priya S George, MRCP

    Clinical Research Fellow

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 4
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 26, 2011

First Posted

December 8, 2011

Study Start

January 1, 2012

Primary Completion

March 1, 2013

Study Completion

March 1, 2013

Last Updated

October 14, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-10

Locations