Acute Nitrate Supplementation in Cyclists

NCT01384968 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 11-3-033
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 20
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Six days of dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation in the form of beetroot juice (\~0.5 L•d-1; 5.1-11.2 mmol NO3- •d-1) has been purported to reduce pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) during submaximal exercise and increase tolerance to high-intensity workloads. These results suggest that dietary nitrate supplementation has the potential to act as an ergogenic aid. Recently, we assessed submaximal oxygen uptake and 10 km time trial performance after 6 d of dietary nitrate supplementation in trained cyclists. We demonstrated an improvement in time trial performance compared to the nitrate-depleted placebo. However, the minimal dosage and duration of nitrate supplementation that is needed to elicit these performance effects remain largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess performance capacity following an acute dose of nitrate supplementation consumed 3 h prior to the onset of exercise in trained cyclists. We will test the hypothesis that a single dose (140 mL; \~8 mmol NO3-) of dietary nitrate supplementation in the form of beetroot juice, ingested 3 h prior to exercise will improve time trial performance in trained cyclists compared to a nitrate-depleted placebo.

Conditions

Acute Nitrate Ingestion on Athletic Performance

Keywords

nitrite; exercise; cycling

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Time-trial performance

  Subjects will be asked to visit the laboratory for a total of 4 visits over 4 weeks. During visits 2,3 and 4 time-trial performance will be assessed. Each visit will be separated on average by at least 1 week. Therefore, if subjects have their first visit (max text) in week 1, their time trial performance will be assessed during weeks 2, 3 and 4.

  Laboratory visits 2, 3 and 4 (each visit separated by ~ 1wk))

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Nitrate and nitrite plasma concentration

  Laboratory visits 3 and 4 (approximately 1 wk apart)

• blood metabolites (glucose, insulin, lactate, free fatty acids)

  Laboratory visits 3 and 4 (approximately 1 wk apart)

Study Arms (2)

Beetroot juice

EXPERIMENTAL

beetroot juice (170 mL, 8 mmol nitrate)

Dietary Supplement: beetroot juice

Nitrate-depleted beetroot juice

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

140 mL ...0 nitrate. Beetroot juice

Dietary Supplement: beetroot juice

Interventions

beetroot juice DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

170 mL beetroot juice (Beet It, James White drinks Ltd).

Also known as: Beet It, James White Drinks Ltd.

Beetroot juice; Nitrate-depleted beetroot juice

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 30 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Healthy
• Male
• years of age
• Endurance cycling trained (≥3 sessions of endurance exercise per week)
• VO2 max ≥ 50 ml/kg/min
• Training history of more than one year of ≥3 sessions of endurance cycling exercise per week
• BMI \<25 kg/m2

You may not qualify if:

• Use of medication
• Smoking
• Currently supplementing diet with beetroot juice

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Maastricht University Medical Center: lead

Study Sites (1)

Maastricht University

Maastricht, Limburg, 6229ER, Netherlands

Location

Related Publications (21)

• Vanhatalo A, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, DiMenna FJ, Pavey TG, Wilkerson DP, Benjamin N, Winyard PG, Jones AM. Acute and chronic effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure and the physiological responses to moderate-intensity and incremental exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Oct;299(4):R1121-31. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00206.2010. Epub 2010 Aug 11.

  PMID: 20702806 BACKGROUND

• Bailey SJ, Winyard P, Vanhatalo A, Blackwell JR, Dimenna FJ, Wilkerson DP, Tarr J, Benjamin N, Jones AM. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Oct;107(4):1144-55. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009. Epub 2009 Aug 6.

  PMID: 19661447 BACKGROUND

• Lansley KE, Winyard PG, Fulford J, Vanhatalo A, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, DiMenna FJ, Gilchrist M, Benjamin N, Jones AM. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of walking and running: a placebo-controlled study. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Mar;110(3):591-600. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01070.2010. Epub 2010 Nov 11.

  PMID: 21071588 BACKGROUND

• Kenjale AA, Ham KL, Stabler T, Robbins JL, Johnson JL, Vanbruggen M, Privette G, Yim E, Kraus WE, Allen JD. Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Jun;110(6):1582-91. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00071.2011. Epub 2011 Mar 31.

  PMID: 21454745 BACKGROUND

• Bailey SJ, Fulford J, Vanhatalo A, Winyard PG, Blackwell JR, DiMenna FJ, Wilkerson DP, Benjamin N, Jones AM. Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances muscle contractile efficiency during knee-extensor exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 Jul;109(1):135-48. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00046.2010. Epub 2010 May 13.

  PMID: 20466802 BACKGROUND

• Beelen M, Berghuis J, Bonaparte B, Ballak SB, Jeukendrup AE, van Loon LJ. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing in the fed state: lack of enhancement of time-trial performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2009 Aug;19(4):400-9. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.19.4.400.

  PMID: 19827464 BACKGROUND

• Cermak NM, Gibala MJ, van Loon LJ. Nitrate supplementation's improvement of 10-km time-trial performance in trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2012 Feb;22(1):64-71. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.22.1.64.

  PMID: 22248502 BACKGROUND

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  PMID: 15121102 BACKGROUND

• Duncan C, Dougall H, Johnston P, Green S, Brogan R, Leifert C, Smith L, Golden M, Benjamin N. Chemical generation of nitric oxide in the mouth from the enterosalivary circulation of dietary nitrate. Nat Med. 1995 Jun;1(6):546-51. doi: 10.1038/nm0695-546.

  PMID: 7585121 BACKGROUND

• Jeukendrup A, Saris WH, Brouns F, Kester AD. A new validated endurance performance test. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Feb;28(2):266-70. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199602000-00017.

  PMID: 8775164 BACKGROUND

• Larsen FJ, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Ekblom B. Effects of dietary nitrate on oxygen cost during exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2007 Sep;191(1):59-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01713.x. Epub 2007 Jul 17.

  PMID: 17635415 BACKGROUND

• Larsen FJ, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Ekblom B. Dietary nitrate reduces maximal oxygen consumption while maintaining work performance in maximal exercise. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Jan 15;48(2):342-7. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.11.006. Epub 2009 Nov 12.

  PMID: 19913611 BACKGROUND

• Laursen PB, Shing CM, Jenkins DG. Reproducibility of a laboratory-based 40-km cycle time-trial on a stationary wind-trainer in highly trained cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 2003 Oct;24(7):481-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-42012.

  PMID: 12968204 BACKGROUND

• Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Gladwin MT. The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Feb;7(2):156-67. doi: 10.1038/nrd2466.

  PMID: 18167491 BACKGROUND

• Palmer GS, Dennis SC, Noakes TD, Hawley JA. Assessment of the reproducibility of performance testing on an air-braked cycle ergometer. Int J Sports Med. 1996 May;17(4):293-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-972849.

  PMID: 8814512 BACKGROUND

• Smith MF, Davison RC, Balmer J, Bird SR. Reliability of mean power recorded during indoor and outdoor self-paced 40 km cycling time-trials. Int J Sports Med. 2001 May;22(4):270-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-13813.

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• van Dijk JW, Manders RJ, Hartgens F, Stehouwer CD, Praet SF, van Loon LJ. Postprandial hyperglycemia is highly prevalent throughout the day in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 Jul;93(1):31-7. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.03.021. Epub 2011 Apr 16.

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• Webb AJ, Patel N, Loukogeorgakis S, Okorie M, Aboud Z, Misra S, Rashid R, Miall P, Deanfield J, Benjamin N, MacAllister R, Hobbs AJ, Ahluwalia A. Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitrite. Hypertension. 2008 Mar;51(3):784-90. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.103523. Epub 2008 Feb 4.

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  PMID: 21530799 BACKGROUND

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  PMID: 9731211 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Motor Activity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Study Officials

• Luc van Loon, Ph.D.

  Maastricht University

  STUDY DIRECTOR

• Naomi Cermak, Ph.D.

  Maastricht University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 23, 2011
• First Posted: June 29, 2011
• Study Start: July 1, 2011
• Primary Completion: January 1, 2012
• Study Completion: May 1, 2012
• Last Updated: October 17, 2012

Record last verified: 2012-10

Locations

NL (1)