Dexmedetomidine and Propofol in Children With History of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

NCT01344759 | Completed Phase 4 Results DMC

• 1 other identifier: CCHMC 2009-0514
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 60
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of this research study is to examine the effects of two commonly used anesthetic drugs, dexmedetomidine and propofol, have on the shape and muscle tone of the upper airway in children, adolescents, and young adults with a history of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) having an MRI scan. The results of this study will help in making the best decisions regarding the anesthesia medications that are most appropriate for children, adolescents, and young adults with OSA during MRI studies.

Conditions

Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Keywords

Obstructive Sleep Apnea; MRI; Pediatrics; Dexmedetomidine; Propofol; Anesthesia

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Cross Sectional Area of the Pharyngeal Airway

  The primary outcome measures will be the cross sectional area of the pharyngeal airway of the patients measured at two levels soft palate (nasopharyngeal) and base of the tongue (retroglossal). Magnetic resonance images of the airway were obtained during low (1 mcg/kg/hr) and high (3 mcg/kg/hr) doses of DEX or low (100 mcg/kg/m) and high (200 mcg/kg/m) doses of Propofol. All were administered through an intravenous (IV) catheter.

  during MRI within first 10 minutes of scanning

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• Obstructive Index Until Recovery Room Discharge

  During MRI and until recovery room discharge - approximately 30-250 minutes

• Respiratory Disturbance Index

  During MRI and until recovery room discharge - approximately 30-250 minutes

• Needed Artificial Airway

  During MRI and until recovery room discharge - approximately 30-250 minutes

• Room Air SpO2

  During MRI and until recovery room discharge - approximately 30-250 minutes

Study Arms (2)

Propofol

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Drug: Propofol

Dexmedetomidine

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Drug: Dexmedetomidine

Interventions

Dexmedetomidine DRUG

Once an IV is in place, atropine 10 mcg/kg will be given. Loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg will be administered over 10 minutes followed by a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine at rate of 1 mcg/kg/h using a syringe pump.

Also known as: Precedex

Dexmedetomidine

Propofol DRUG

Once an IV is in place, atropine 10 mcg/kg will be given. Loading dose of propofol 2 mg/kg will be administered over 2 minutes followed by a continuous infusion of propofol at rate of 100 mcg/kg/minute using a syringe pump.

Also known as: Diprivan

Propofol

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 12 Months - 25 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Patients with documented history of OSA by polysomnography who require anesthesia for MRI sleep study or MRI brain imaging study.
• Subjects must be 12 months to 25 years of age (inclusive)
• Either the subject (if subject's age is 18-25) or the subject's legally authorized representative has given written informed consent to participate in the study

You may not qualify if:

• The subject has life-threatening medical conditions (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status 4, 5 or 6). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification scale is a measure of physical status or how healthy the patient is. For our study, we will focus on children which are defined as ASA I, II or III which means a healthy child (ASA I), a child with a systemic disease that is mild and well controlled (ASA II) or a child with systemic disease that is severe and controlled (ASA III).
• The subject is allergic to or has a contraindication to propofol or dexmedetomidine.
• The subject has a tracheostomy or other mechanical airway device
• The subject is not scheduled to receive anesthesia-sedation care for the MRI
• The subject has a history or a family (parent or sibling) history of malignant hyperthermia.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati: lead

Study Sites (1)

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States

Location

Related Publications (33)

• Mason KP, Zgleszewski SE, Dearden JL, Dumont RS, Pirich MA, Stark CD, D'Angelo P, Macpherson S, Fontaine PJ, Connor L, Zurakowski D. Dexmedetomidine for pediatric sedation for computed tomography imaging studies. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jul;103(1):57-62, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000216293.16613.15.

  PMID: 16790626 BACKGROUND

• Ebert TJ, Hall JE, Barney JA, Uhrich TD, Colinco MD. The effects of increasing plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in humans. Anesthesiology. 2000 Aug;93(2):382-94. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200008000-00016.

  PMID: 10910487 BACKGROUND

• Talke P, Lobo E, Brown R. Systemically administered alpha2-agonist-induced peripheral vasoconstriction in humans. Anesthesiology. 2003 Jul;99(1):65-70. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200307000-00014.

  PMID: 12826844 BACKGROUND

• Talke P, Richardson CA, Scheinin M, Fisher DM. Postoperative pharmacokinetics and sympatholytic effects of dexmedetomidine. Anesth Analg. 1997 Nov;85(5):1136-42. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199711000-00033.

  PMID: 9356115 BACKGROUND

• Doze VA, Chen BX, Maze M. Dexmedetomidine produces a hypnotic-anesthetic action in rats via activation of central alpha-2 adrenoceptors. Anesthesiology. 1989 Jul;71(1):75-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198907000-00014.

  PMID: 2568769 BACKGROUND

• Drummond GB. Comparison of sedation with midazolam and ketamine: effects on airway muscle activity. Br J Anaesth. 1996 May;76(5):663-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/76.5.663.

  PMID: 8688266 BACKGROUND

• Drummond GB. Influence of thiopentone on upper airway muscles. Br J Anaesth. 1989 Jul;63(1):12-21. doi: 10.1093/bja/63.1.12.

  PMID: 2765337 BACKGROUND

• Hwang JC, St John WM, Bartlett D Jr. Respiratory-related hypoglossal nerve activity: influence of anesthetics. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Sep;55(3):785-92. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.55.3.785.

  PMID: 6629915 BACKGROUND

• Hudgel DW, Harasick T, Katz RL, Witt WJ, Abelson TI. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in obstructive apnea. Value of preoperative localization of site of upper airway narrowing during sleep. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 May;143(5 Pt 1):942-6. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/143.5_Pt_1.942.

  PMID: 2024847 BACKGROUND

• Nandi PR, Charlesworth CH, Taylor SJ, Nunn JF, Dore CJ. Effect of general anaesthesia on the pharynx. Br J Anaesth. 1991 Feb;66(2):157-62. doi: 10.1093/bja/66.2.157.

  PMID: 1817614 BACKGROUND

• SAFAR P, ESCARRAGA LA, CHANG F. Upper airway obstruction in the unconscious patient. J Appl Physiol. 1959 Sep;14:760-4. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1959.14.5.760. No abstract available.

  PMID: 14440737 BACKGROUND

• Litman RS, Kottra JA, Berkowitz RJ, Ward DS. Upper airway obstruction during midazolam/nitrous oxide sedation in children with enlarged tonsils. Pediatr Dent. 1998 Sep-Oct;20(5):318-20.

  PMID: 9803430 BACKGROUND

• Donnelly LF, Casper KA, Chen B, Koch BL. Defining normal upper airway motion in asymptomatic children during sleep by means of cine MR techniques. Radiology. 2002 Apr;223(1):176-80. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2231011023.

  PMID: 11930064 BACKGROUND

• Donnelly LF, Shott SR, LaRose CR, Chini BA, Amin RS. Causes of persistent obstructive sleep apnea despite previous tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children with down syndrome as depicted on static and dynamic cine MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004 Jul;183(1):175-81. doi: 10.2214/ajr.183.1.1830175.

  PMID: 15208134 BACKGROUND

• Ibacache ME, Munoz HR, Brandes V, Morales AL. Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesth Analg. 2004 Jan;98(1):60-63. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000094947.20838.8E.

  PMID: 14693585 BACKGROUND

• Guler G, Akin A, Tosun Z, Ors S, Esmaoglu A, Boyaci A. Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation and provides smooth extubation after pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005 Sep;15(9):762-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01541.x.

  PMID: 16101707 BACKGROUND

• Petroz GC, Sikich N, James M, van Dyk H, Shafer SL, Schily M, Lerman J. A phase I, two-center study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine in children. Anesthesiology. 2006 Dec;105(6):1098-110. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200612000-00009.

  PMID: 17122572 BACKGROUND

• Mahmoud M, Tyler T, Sadhasivam S. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine for large anterior mediastinal mass biopsy. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Oct;18(10):1011-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02604.x. No abstract available.

  PMID: 18811855 BACKGROUND

• Eastwood PR, Platt PR, Shepherd K, Maddison K, Hillman DR. Collapsibility of the upper airway at different concentrations of propofol anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2005 Sep;103(3):470-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200509000-00007.

  PMID: 16129969 BACKGROUND

• Mason KP, Zurakowski D, Zgleszewski SE, Robson CD, Carrier M, Hickey PR, Dinardo JA. High dose dexmedetomidine as the sole sedative for pediatric MRI. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 May;18(5):403-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02468.x. Epub 2008 Mar 18.

  PMID: 18363626 BACKGROUND

• Mason KP, Zgleszewski SE, Prescilla R, Fontaine PJ, Zurakowski D. Hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine sedation for CT imaging studies. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 May;18(5):393-402. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02451.x. Epub 2008 Mar 18.

  PMID: 18363628 BACKGROUND

• Koroglu A, Teksan H, Sagir O, Yucel A, Toprak HI, Ersoy OM. A comparison of the sedative, hemodynamic, and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jul;103(1):63-7, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000219592.82598.AA.

  PMID: 16790627 BACKGROUND

• Usher AG, Kearney RA, Tsui BC. Propofol total intravenous anesthesia for MRI in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005 Jan;15(1):23-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01390.x.

  PMID: 15649159 BACKGROUND

• Frankville DD, Spear RM, Dyck JB. The dose of propofol required to prevent children from moving during magnetic resonance imaging. Anesthesiology. 1993 Nov;79(5):953-8. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199311000-00013.

  PMID: 8239013 BACKGROUND

• Levati A, Colombo N, Arosio EM, Savoia G, Tommasino C, Scialfa G, Boselli L. Propofol anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing paediatric patients during magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1996 May;40(5):561-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1996.tb04488.x.

  PMID: 8792885 BACKGROUND

• Evans RG, Crawford MW, Noseworthy MD, Yoo SJ. Effect of increasing depth of propofol anesthesia on upper airway configuration in children. Anesthesiology. 2003 Sep;99(3):596-602. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200309000-00014.

  PMID: 12960543 BACKGROUND

• Litman RS, Weissend EE, Shrier DA, Ward DS. Morphologic changes in the upper airway of children during awakening from propofol administration. Anesthesiology. 2002 Mar;96(3):607-11. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200203000-00016.

  PMID: 11873035 BACKGROUND

• Mathru M, Esch O, Lang J, Herbert ME, Chaljub G, Goodacre B, vanSonnenberg E. Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper airway. Effects of propofol anesthesia and nasal continuous positive airway pressure in humans. Anesthesiology. 1996 Feb;84(2):273-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199602000-00004.

  PMID: 8602656 BACKGROUND

• Thompson JR, Schneider S, Ashwal S, Holden BS, Hinshaw DB Jr, Hasso AN. The choice of sedation for computed tomography in children: a prospective evaluation. Radiology. 1982 May;143(2):475-9. doi: 10.1148/radiology.143.2.7071350.

  PMID: 7071350 BACKGROUND

• Napoli KL, Ingall CG, Martin GR. Safety and efficacy of chloral hydrate sedation in children undergoing echocardiography. J Pediatr. 1996 Aug;129(2):287-91. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70256-1.

  PMID: 8765629 BACKGROUND

• Greenberg SB, Faerber EN, Aspinall CL, Adams RC. High-dose chloral hydrate sedation for children undergoing MR imaging: safety and efficacy in relation to age. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993 Sep;161(3):639-41. doi: 10.2214/ajr.161.3.8352124.

  PMID: 8352124 BACKGROUND

• Ronchera-Oms CL, Casillas C, Marti-Bonmati L, Poyatos C, Tomas J, Sobejano A, Jimenez NV. Oral chloral hydrate provides effective and safe sedation in paediatric magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1994 Aug;19(4):239-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1994.tb00680.x.

  PMID: 7989402 BACKGROUND

• Hall JE, Uhrich TD, Barney JA, Arain SR, Ebert TJ. Sedative, amnestic, and analgesic properties of small-dose dexmedetomidine infusions. Anesth Analg. 2000 Mar;90(3):699-705. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200003000-00035.

  PMID: 10702460 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Interventions

Dexmedetomidine; Propofol

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Apnea; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Nervous System Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Imidazoles; Azoles; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Phenols; Benzene Derivatives; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Hydrocarbons, Cyclic; Hydrocarbons; Organic Chemicals

Limitations and Caveats

Failure to standardize mouth opening, due to stimulation of the subject during manipulation of the mouth No baseline measurements were obtained while awake Many patients had Downs syndrome so the results may not apply across all patients with OSA

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Dr. Mohamed Mahmoud
• Organization: Cincinnati Children's Hosptial Medical Center

Mohamed.Mahmoud@cchmc.org

513-636-4408

Study Officials

• Mohamed Mahmoud, MD

  Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: Yes

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 4
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 21, 2011
• First Posted: April 29, 2011
• Study Start: June 1, 2009
• Primary Completion: November 1, 2011
• Study Completion: November 1, 2011
• Last Updated: August 8, 2018
• Results First Posted: February 23, 2016

Record last verified: 2018-08

Locations

US (1)