NCT01333826

Brief Summary

This study is designed to evaluate a two-year randomized intervention in Malawi that provides cash transfers to current schoolgirls (and young women who have recently dropped out of school) to stay in (and return to) school in order to understand the possible effects of such programs on the sexual behavior of the beneficiaries and their subsequent HIV risk.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
3,796

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable hiv

Timeline
Completed

Started Sep 2007

Longer than P75 for not_applicable hiv

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

September 1, 2007

Completed
3.6 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

April 11, 2011

Completed
1 day until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 12, 2011

Completed
1.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

September 1, 2012

Completed
12.8 years until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

May 31, 2025

Completed
Last Updated

August 20, 2025

Status Verified

August 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

5 years

First QC Date

April 11, 2011

Last Update Submit

August 18, 2025

Conditions

HIVSchoolingConditional Cash TransfersUnconditional Cash Transfers

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Sexually Transmitted Infections

    HIV prevalence HSV-2 prevalence

    18 months

  • Schooling

    school enrollment

    12 months/24 months

Secondary Outcomes (4)

  • Sexually Transmitted Infections

    18 months

  • Marriage and fertility

    12 months/24 months

  • sexual behavior

    12 months/ 24 months

  • HIV Awareness

    12 months/24 months

Study Arms (3)

Unconditional cash transfers

EXPERIMENTAL

Monthly cash transfers given to households with school aged girls with no strings attached. Transfer amounts randomized within this arm.

Behavioral: Zomba Cash Transfer Program

Conditional Cash Transfer

EXPERIMENTAL

Monthly cash transfers given to households with school aged girls conditional on regular school attendance (80%). Transfer amounts randomized within this arm.

Behavioral: Zomba Cash Transfer Program

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

No cash transfer program implemented in this group.

Interventions

Zomba Cash Transfer ProgramBEHAVIORAL

Cash transfers were provided monthly to a randomly selected sample of school aged girls. Amounts were also varied in both treatment arms.

Conditional Cash TransferUnconditional cash transfers

Eligibility Criteria

Age13 Years - 22 Years
Sexfemale
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • female
  • years old
  • never married

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Zomba District, Malawi

Zomba, Malawi

Location

Related Publications (2)

  • Baird S, Chirwa E, McIntosh C, Ozler B. The short-term impacts of a schooling conditional cash transfer program on the sexual behavior of young women. Health Econ. 2010 Sep;19 Suppl:55-68. doi: 10.1002/hec.1569.

    PMID: 19946887RESULT

  • Baird SJ, Garfein RS, McIntosh CT, Ozler B. Effect of a cash transfer programme for schooling on prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 in Malawi: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet. 2012 Apr 7;379(9823):1320-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61709-1. Epub 2012 Feb 15.

    PMID: 22341825DERIVED

Study Officials

  • Berk Ozler, PhD

    World Bank

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

  • Craig T McIntosh, PhD

    University of California, San Diego

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

  • Sarah J Baird, PhD

    George Washington University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

  • Ephraim Chirwa, PhD

    University of Malawi

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

  • Richard S Garfein, PhD

    University of California, San Diego

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

April 11, 2011

First Posted

April 12, 2011

Study Start

September 1, 2007

Primary Completion

September 1, 2012

Study Completion

May 31, 2025

Last Updated

August 20, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-08

Locations

MA(1)