The Community Youth Development Study: A Test of Communities That Care

NCT01088542 | Active Not Recruiting DMC

• 2 other identifiers: STUDY00000692R01DA044522
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 52,323
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The Community Youth Development Study is an experimental test of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention planning system. It has been designed to find out if communities that were trained to use the CTC system improved public health by reducing rates of adolescent drug use, delinquency, violence, and risky sexual behavior when compared to communities that did not use this approach. The primary purpose of the current continuation study is to investigate whether CTC has long-term effects on substance use, antisocial behavior, and violence, as well as secondary effects on educational attainment, mental health, and sexual risk behavior in young adults at ages 26 and 28. The continuation study also examines (a) how the interaction of social, normative, and legal marijuana contexts creates variation in the permissiveness of individuals' marijuana environments from late childhood to young adulthood and (b) whether, when, and for whom permissive marijuana environments increase marijuana and ATOD use and misuse from age 11 to 28 and interfere with the adoption of adult roles.

Conditions

Substance Abuse; Juvenile Delinquency; Sexual Behavior; Criminal Behavior; Violence; Depression; Anxiety; Suicide; Sexually Transmitted Infection; Educational Attainment

Keywords

substance use; delinquency; risky sexual behavior; risk factors; protective factors; prevention; community coalitions; systems transformation; violence

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Targeted risk and protective factors, substance use, delinquency, violence

  Surveys of the panel starting in 5th grade (2004) and continuing in grades 6-10, grade 12, and at ages 19, 21, and 23 are used to assess the impact of the intervention on risk and protective factors targeted by communities, substance use, delinquency, and violence. Cross-sectional surveys of all youth in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 in all participating communities, conducted every 2 years from 2002 through 2012, are also used to assess the impact of the intervention on these primary outcomes.

  Baseline through thirteen-year follow-up (age 23)

• CTC coalition functioning, prevention system transformation, evidence-based program (EBP) implementation

  Structured telephone interviews with key community leaders, CTC coalition members, and prevention services providers (Community Key Informant Survey, Coalition Board Interview, Community Resource Documentation Survey) conducted in 2001-02, 2004-05, 2007-08, 2009-10, and 2011-12 are used to assess intervention effects on CTC coalition functioning, prevention system transformation, and evidence-based prevention program implementation.

  Baseline through eight-year follow-up (age 18)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Substance use disorder, depression and generalized anxiety disorder, sexual risk behavior

  Nine- through thirteen-year follow-up

Study Arms (2)

No intervention

NO INTERVENTION

Communities in the no intervention arm received no intervention from the project and continued to implement prevention services as usual.

Communities That Care Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Communities randomly assigned to the experimental condition received 5 years of training and technical assistance (from 2003 to 2008) to implement the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system in their communities. They also received 5 years of funding to support a full-time community coordinator and 4 years of seed money to implement tested and effective prevention programs selected as a result of their CTC process.

Behavioral: Communities That Care

Interventions

Communities That Care BEHAVIORAL

The Communities That Care (CTC) system provides communities training and ongoing technical assistance in a structured process for conducting prevention needs assessments using epidemiological data on levels of risk and protective factors for adolescent problem behaviors, selection of tested and effective preventive interventions shown to address community-prioritized factors, implementation of these interventions with fidelity, and evaluation of the community's progress toward its goals. The CTC system is designed to produce a plan for prevention services that is tailored to the needs of each community. CTC is installed in five phases through a manualized series of training events designed to build the capacity of communities to install and sustain the system over time.

Communities That Care Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 10 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Resident at baseline in one of the 24 participating communities
• Student in the Class of 2011 panel sample or in grades 6, 8, 10, or 12 during a survey year
• Community leader or prevention service provider in one of the participating communities

You may not qualify if:

• Unable to read and comprehend consent materials and/or survey questions in either english or spanish

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Washington: lead
• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): collaborator

Study Sites (1)

University of Washington

Seattle, Washington, 98115, United States

Location

Related Publications (40)

• Oesterle S, Kuklinski MR, Hawkins JD, Skinner ML, Guttmannova K, Rhew IC. Long-Term Effects of the Communities That Care Trial on Substance Use, Antisocial Behavior, and Violence Through Age 21 Years. Am J Public Health. 2018 May;108(5):659-665. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304320. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

  PMID: 29565666 BACKGROUND

• Rhew IC, Oesterle S, Coffman D, Hawkins JD. Effects of Exposure to the Communities That Care Prevention System on Youth Problem Behaviors in a Community-Randomized Trial: Employing an Inverse Probability Weighting Approach. Eval Health Prof. 2018 Jun;41(2):270-289. doi: 10.1177/0163278718759397. Epub 2018 Feb 20.

  PMID: 29463119 BACKGROUND

• Oesterle S, Hawkins JD, Kuklinski MR, Fagan AA, Fleming C, Rhew IC, Brown EC, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Effects of Communities That Care on Males' and Females' Drug Use and Delinquency 9 Years After Baseline in a Community-Randomized Trial. Am J Community Psychol. 2015 Dec;56(3-4):217-28. doi: 10.1007/s10464-015-9749-4.

  PMID: 26377418 BACKGROUND

• Rhew IC, Hawkins JD, Murray DM, Fagan AA, Oesterle S, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Evaluation of Community-Level Effects of Communities That Care on Adolescent Drug Use and Delinquency Using a Repeated Cross-Sectional Design. Prev Sci. 2016 Feb;17(2):177-87. doi: 10.1007/s11121-015-0613-4.

  PMID: 26462492 RESULT

• Gloppen KM, Brown EC, Wagenaar BH, Hawkins JD, Rhew IC, Oesterle S. Sustaining Adoption of Science-based Prevention Through Communities That Care. J Community Psychol. 2016 Jan;44(1):78-89. doi: 10.1002/jcop.21743. Epub 2015 Dec 18. No abstract available.

  PMID: 27397946 RESULT

• Kim BK, Gloppen KM, Rhew IC, Oesterle S, Hawkins JD. Effects of the communities that care prevention system on youth reports of protective factors. Prev Sci. 2015 Jul;16(5):652-62. doi: 10.1007/s11121-014-0524-9.

  PMID: 25366931 RESULT

• Kim BK, Oesterle S, Hawkins JD, Shapiro VB. Assessing Sustained Effects of Communities That Care on Youth Protective Factors. J Soc Social Work Res. 2015 Winter;6(4):565-589. doi: 10.1086/684163. Epub 2015 Oct 6.

  PMID: 26951879 RESULT

• Kuklinski MR, Fagan AA, Hawkins JD, Briney JS, Catalano RF. Benefit-Cost Analysis of a Randomized Evaluation of Communities That Care: Monetizing Intervention Effects on the Initiation of Delinquency and Substance Use Through Grade 12. J Exp Criminol. 2015 Jun 1;11(2):165-192. doi: 10.1007/s11292-014-9226-3.

  PMID: 26213527 RESULT

• Shapiro VB, Hawkins JD, Oesterle S. Building Local Infrastructure for Community Adoption of Science-Based Prevention: The Role of Coalition Functioning. Prev Sci. 2015 Nov;16(8):1136-46. doi: 10.1007/s11121-015-0562-y.

  PMID: 26017632 RESULT

• Shapiro VB, Oesterle S, Hawkins JD. Relating coalition capacity to the adoption of science-based prevention in communities: evidence from a randomized trial of Communities That Care. Am J Community Psychol. 2015 Mar;55(1-2):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s10464-014-9684-9.

  PMID: 25323784 RESULT

• Brown EC, Hawkins JD, Rhew IC, Shapiro VB, Abbott RD, Oesterle S, Arthur MW, Briney JS, Catalano RF. Prevention system mediation of communities that care effects on youth outcomes. Prev Sci. 2014 Oct;15(5):623-32. doi: 10.1007/s11121-013-0413-7.

  PMID: 23828448 RESULT

• Hawkins JD, Oesterle S, Brown EC, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Youth problem behaviors 8 years after implementing the communities that care prevention system: a community-randomized trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Feb;168(2):122-9. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4009.

  PMID: 24322060 RESULT

• Oesterle S, Hawkins JD, Fagan AA, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Variation in the sustained effects of the communities that care prevention system on adolescent smoking, delinquency, and violence. Prev Sci. 2014 Apr;15(2):138-145. doi: 10.1007/s11121-013-0365-y.

  PMID: 23412948 RESULT

• Kuklinski MR, Hawkins JD, Plotnick RD, Abbott RD, Reid CK. How has the economic downturn affected communities and implementation of science-based prevention in the randomized trial of communities that care? Am J Community Psychol. 2013 Jun;51(3-4):370-84. doi: 10.1007/s10464-012-9557-z.

  PMID: 23054169 RESULT

• Monahan KC, Hawkins JD, Abbott RD. The application of meta-analysis within a matched-pair randomized control trial: an illustration testing the effects of communities that care on delinquent behavior. Prev Sci. 2013 Feb;14(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11121-012-0298-x.

  PMID: 23111547 RESULT

• Rhew IC, Brown EC, Hawkins JD, Briney JS. Sustained effects of the Communities That Care system on prevention service system transformation. Am J Public Health. 2013 Mar;103(3):529-35. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300567. Epub 2012 Jun 21.

  PMID: 22720764 RESULT

• Shapiro VB, Hawkins JD, Oesterle S, Monahan KC, Brown EC, Arthur MW. Variation in the Effect of Communities That Care on Community Adoption of a Scientific Approach to Prevention. J Soc Social Work Res. 2013 Aug 20;4(3):10.5243/jsswr.2013.10. doi: 10.5243/jsswr.2013.10.

  PMID: 24319545 RESULT

• Steketee M, Oesterle S, Jonkman H, Hawkins JD, Haggerty KP, Aussems C. Transforming prevention systems in the United States and the Netherlands using Communities That Care Promising prevention in the eyes of Josine Junger-Tas. Eur J Crim Pol Res. 2013 Jun 1;19(2):99-116. doi: 10.1007/s10610-012-9194-y.

  PMID: 24465089 RESULT

• Fagan AA, Hanson K, Briney JS, David Hawkins J. Sustaining the utilization and high quality implementation of tested and effective prevention programs using the communities that care prevention system. Am J Community Psychol. 2012 Jun;49(3-4):365-77. doi: 10.1007/s10464-011-9463-9.

  PMID: 21809149 RESULT

• Gloppen KM, Arthur MW, Hawkins JD, Shapiro VB. Sustainability of the Communities That Care prevention system by coalitions participating in the Community Youth Development Study. J Adolesc Health. 2012 Sep;51(3):259-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.018. Epub 2012 Mar 3.

  PMID: 22921136 RESULT

• Hawkins JD, Oesterle S, Brown EC, Monahan KC, Abbott RD, Arthur MW, Catalano RF. Sustained decreases in risk exposure and youth problem behaviors after installation of the Communities That Care prevention system in a randomized trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012 Feb;166(2):141-8. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.183. Epub 2011 Oct 3.

  PMID: 21969362 RESULT

• Kuklinski MR, Briney JS, Hawkins JD, Catalano RF. Cost-benefit analysis of communities that care outcomes at eighth grade. Prev Sci. 2012 Apr;13(2):150-61. doi: 10.1007/s11121-011-0259-9.

  PMID: 22108900 RESULT

• Brown EC, Hawkins JD, Arthur MW, Briney JS, Fagan AA. Prevention Service System Transformation Using Communities That Care. J Community Psychol. 2011 Mar 1;39(2):183-201. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20426.

  PMID: 23606774 RESULT

• Fagan AA, Arthur MW, Hanson K, Briney JS, Hawkins JD. Effects of Communities That Care on the adoption and implementation fidelity of evidence-based prevention programs in communities: results from a randomized controlled trial. Prev Sci. 2011 Sep;12(3):223-34. doi: 10.1007/s11121-011-0226-5.

  PMID: 21667142 RESULT

• Arthur MW, Hawkins JD, Brown EC, Briney JS, Oesterle S; Social Development Research Group; Abbott RD. Implementation of the Communities That Care Prevention System by Coalitions in the Community Youth Development Study. J Community Psychol. 2010 Mar;38(2):245-258. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20362.

  PMID: 22199409 RESULT

• Oesterle S, Hawkins JD, Fagan AA, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Testing the universality of the effects of the communities that care prevention system for preventing adolescent drug use and delinquency. Prev Sci. 2010 Dec;11(4):411-23. doi: 10.1007/s11121-010-0178-1.

  PMID: 20422289 RESULT

• Brown EC, Graham JW, Hawkins JD, Arthur MW, Baldwin MM, Oesterle S, Briney JS, Catalano RF, Abbott RD. Design and analysis of the Community Youth Development Study longitudinal cohort sample. Eval Rev. 2009 Aug;33(4):311-34. doi: 10.1177/0193841X09337356. Epub 2009 Jun 9.

  PMID: 19509119 RESULT

• Fagan AA, Hanson K, Hawkins JD, Arthur M. Translational Research in Action: Implementation of the Communities That Care Prevention System in 12 Communities. J Community Psychol. 2009 Sep;37(7):809-829. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20332.

  PMID: 22121303 RESULT

• Hawkins JD, Oesterle S, Brown EC, Arthur MW, Abbott RD, Fagan AA, Catalano RF. Results of a type 2 translational research trial to prevent adolescent drug use and delinquency: a test of Communities That Care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009 Sep;163(9):789-98. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.141.

  PMID: 19736331 RESULT

• Fagan AA, Hanson K, Hawkins JD, Arthur MW. Implementing effective community-based prevention programs in the Community Youth Development Study. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 6(3):256-278, 2008.

  RESULT

• Fagan AA, Hanson K, Hawkins JD, Arthur MW. Bridging science to practice: achieving prevention program implementation fidelity in the community youth development study. Am J Community Psychol. 2008 Jun;41(3-4):235-49. doi: 10.1007/s10464-008-9176-x.

  PMID: 18302016 RESULT

• Hawkins JD, Brown EC, Oesterle S, Arthur MW, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Early effects of Communities That Care on targeted risks and initiation of delinquent behavior and substance use. J Adolesc Health. 2008 Jul;43(1):15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.01.022. Epub 2008 Apr 18.

  PMID: 18565433 RESULT

• Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Arthur MW, Egan E, Brown EC, Abbott RD, Murray DM. Testing communities that care: the rationale, design and behavioral baseline equivalence of the community youth development study. Prev Sci. 2008 Sep;9(3):178-90. doi: 10.1007/s11121-008-0092-y. Epub 2008 May 31.

  PMID: 18516681 RESULT

• Quinby RK, Fagan AA, Hanson K, Brooke-Weiss B, Arthur MW, Hawkins JD. Installing the Communities That Care prevention system: Implementation progress and fidelity in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Community Psychology 36(3):313-332, 2008.

  RESULT

• Brown EC, Hawkins JD, Arthur MW, Briney JS, Abbott RD. Effects of Communities That Care on prevention services systems: findings from the community youth development study at 1.5 years. Prev Sci. 2007 Sep;8(3):180-91. doi: 10.1007/s11121-007-0068-3. Epub 2007 Jun 30.

  PMID: 17602298 RESULT

• Van Horn ML, Fagan AA, Hawkins JD, Oesterle S. Effects of the Communities That Care system on cross-sectional profiles of adolescent substance use and delinquency. Am J Prev Med. 2014 Aug;47(2):188-97. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.04.004. Epub 2014 Jun 27.

  PMID: 24986217 RESULT

• Kuklinski MR, Gibbons BJ, Bowser DM, McCollister KE, Smart R, Dunlap LJ, Shenkar E, Bonar EE, Boomer T, Campbell M, Fiellin LE, Hutton DW, Rao V, Saldana L, Su K, Walton MA, Yilmazer T. Investing in Interventions to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults: Start-up Costs from NIDA's HEAL Prevention Initiative. Prev Sci. 2025 Nov;26(7):1045-1055. doi: 10.1007/s11121-025-01835-6. Epub 2025 Oct 14.

  PMID: 41085955 DERIVED

• Rowhani-Rahbar A, Oesterle S, Gause EL, Kuklinski MR, Ellyson AM, Schleimer JP, Dalve K, Weybright EH, Briney JS, Hawkins JD. Effect of the Communities That Care Prevention System on Adolescent Handgun Carrying: A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Apr 3;6(4):e236699. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6699.

  PMID: 37022682 DERIVED

• Guttmannova K, Oesterle S, Skinner ML, Kuklinski MR, Hultgren B, Rhew IC, Parker M, Briney JS, White HR. Substance-Specific Risk Factors among Young Adults: Potential Prevention Targets across Cannabis-Permissive Environments. Subst Use Misuse. 2022;57(13):1923-1930. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2120363. Epub 2022 Sep 24.

  PMID: 36151975 DERIVED

• Pandika D, Bailey JA, Oesterle S, Kuklinski MR. Young adult opioid misuse indicates a general tendency toward substance use and is strongly predicted by general substance use risk. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022 Jun 1;235:109442. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109442. Epub 2022 Apr 6.

  PMID: 35461085 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Substance-Related Disorders; Sexual Behavior; Criminal Behavior; Depression; Anxiety Disorders; Suicide; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Chemically-Induced Disorders; Mental Disorders; Behavior; Behavioral Symptoms; Self-Injurious Behavior; Communicable Diseases; Infections; Genital Diseases; Urogenital Diseases; Disease Attributes; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

• Margaret Kuklinski, Ph.D.

  University of Washington

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Sabrina Oesterle, Ph.D.

  University of Arizona

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Senior Research Scientist

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 15, 2010
• First Posted: March 17, 2010
• Study Start: October 1, 2003
• Primary Completion: June 30, 2025
• Study Completion: June 30, 2025
• Last Updated: February 7, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share

Locations

US (1)