NCT00894166

Brief Summary

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a well-tolerated and efficacious smoking cessation treatment, and yet many smokers fail to quit using NRT. Many of these smokers may benefit from prescription treatment alternatives, including Zyban or Chantix. In this study, the investigators propose to develop and evaluate a stepped-care treatment algorithm that would evaluate whether smokers who receive treatment with NRT should be supplemented with Zyban or switched to Chantix only based on: 1) their initial response to NRT; and 2) individual genetic factors found to predict smoking cessation in other studies evaluating these treatments. This study is a continuation of our previous studies showing that abstinence rates can be increased by starting nicotine patch therapy two weeks before the quit date. The investigators will provide pre-cessation NRT to all participants initially. Those who do not show a favorable response on early indicators of success (e.g., smoking in the first week after the target quit-smoking date) will receive "rescue" treatment by having their NRT treatment supplemented with Zyban , by being switched to treatment with Chantix or will remain on NRT (control). The investigators hypothesize that "Rescue" treatment with Zyban in combination with NRT or Chantix will increase success rates over leaving subjects on NRT when they are NRT insufficient responders, i.e. they have shown an unfavorable response to NRT in the first week pre-quit or the first week post-quit.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
606

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_3

Timeline
Completed

Started May 2009

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

May 1, 2009

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

May 4, 2009

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

May 6, 2009

Completed
2.2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

July 1, 2011

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

October 1, 2011

Completed
1.2 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

December 26, 2012

Completed
Last Updated

September 23, 2013

Status Verified

September 1, 2013

Enrollment Period

2.2 years

First QC Date

May 4, 2009

Results QC Date

October 19, 2012

Last Update Submit

September 19, 2013

Conditions

Keywords

Smoking CessationChantixvareniclineNicotine Replacement TherapyNicotine PatchesZybanbupropionQuit Smoking

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Continuous 4-week Abstinence From Smoking Between Weeks 8-11 After the Quit Date (Through the End of Treatment)

    A self report of no cigarettes smoked confirmed by expired air carbon monoxide of \<=10ppm was the criterion for abstinence.

    weeks 8-11 after quit date

Secondary Outcomes (2)

  • Abstinence (7 Days) at 6 Months.

    point abstinence (7 days) at 6 months post-quit date

  • Continuous Abstinence From Smoking at 6 Months Post Quit.

    continuous abstinence at 6 months post quit day

Study Arms (7)

Nicotine Replacement Therapy Responder

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Nicotine Responders

Drug: Nicotine Patches

Pre-Quit Rescue to Bupropion & Nicotine

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants not responsive to nicotine patches who are randomly assigned at week 2 to use of Zyban (bupropion) in combination with nicotine patches

Drug: Nicotine patches, then bupropion & nicotine patches (Pre-Quit)

Pre-Quit Rescue to Varenicline

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants not responsive to nicotine patches who are randomly assigned at week 2 to use of Chantix (varenicline)

Drug: Nicotine patches, then varenicline (Pre-Quit)

Pre-Quit Rescue to Nicotine

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants not responsive to nicotine patches who are randomly assigned at week 2 to continued use of nicotine patches

Drug: Nicotine patches, then nicotine patches (Pre-Quit)

Post-Quit Rescue to Bupropion & Nicotine

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants not responsive to nicotine patches who are randomly assigned at week 4 to use of Zyban (bupropion) in combination with nicotine patches

Drug: Nicotine patches, then bupropion & nicotine patches (Post-Quit)

Post-Quit Rescue to Varenicline

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants not responsive to nicotine patches who are randomly assigned at week 4 to use of Chantix (varenicline)

Drug: Nicotine patches, then varenicline (Post-Quit)

Post-Quit Rescue to Nicotine

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants not responsive to nicotine patches who are randomly assigned at week 4 to continued use of nicotine patches

Drug: Nicotine patches, then nicotine patches (Post-Quit)

Interventions

21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches)nicotine patches for first five weeks (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); 21mg nicotine patch for 4 weeks; 14mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks and 7mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks.

Also known as: NicoDermCQ
Nicotine Replacement Therapy Responder

21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches) nicotine patches for first week (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); starting with week 2: 150mg of bupropion once daily and 21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches)nicotine patches for first 3 days (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches)nicotine patches for 3 weeks and 4 days (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 21mg nicotine patch for 4 weeks; 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 14mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks and 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 7mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks.

Also known as: Zyban, NicoDermCQ
Pre-Quit Rescue to Bupropion & Nicotine

21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches) nicotine patches for first week (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); starting with week 2: 0.5mg of varenicline once daily for first 3 days; 0.5mg of varenicline twice daily for the next 4 days; and 1mg of varenicline twice daily for the remainder of the study (11 weeks)

Also known as: Chantix, NicoDermCQ
Pre-Quit Rescue to Varenicline

21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches)nicotine patches for first five weeks (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); 21mg nicotine patch for 4 weeks; 14mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks and 7mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks.

Also known as: NicoDermCQ
Pre-Quit Rescue to Nicotine

21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches) nicotine patches for first three weeks (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); starting with week 4: 150mg of bupropion once daily and 21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches) nicotine patches for first 3 days (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches) nicotine patches for 3 weeks and 4 days (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 21mg nicotine patch for 4 weeks; 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 14mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks and 150mg of bupropion twice daily and 7mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks.

Also known as: Zyban, NicoDermCQ
Post-Quit Rescue to Bupropion & Nicotine

21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches) nicotine patches for first three weeks (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); starting with week 4: 0.5mg of varenicline once daily for first 3 days; 0.5mg of varenicline twice daily for the next 4 days; and 1mg of varenicline twice daily for the remainder of the study (11 weeks)

Also known as: Chantix, NicoDermCQ
Post-Quit Rescue to Varenicline

21mg (1 patch) or 42mg (2 patches) nicotine patches for first seven weeks (# of daily patches based on baseline carbon monoxide level); 21mg nicotine patch for 4 weeks; 14mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks and 7mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks.

Also known as: NicoDermCQ
Post-Quit Rescue to Nicotine

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 65 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • years old
  • smoked an average of at least 10 cigarettes per day for three cumulative years of a brand that delivers (by Federal Trade Commission rated yields) at least 0.5mg nicotine
  • expired carbon monoxide reading of at least 15ppm
  • express a desire to quit smoking in the next 30 days

You may not qualify if:

  • Hypertension (systolic \>140 mm Hg, diastolic \>100 mm Hg, coupled with a history of hypertension); subjects with no previous diagnosis of hypertension may have a screening blood pressure up to 160/100.
  • Hypotension (systolic \<90 mm Hg, diastolic \<60 mm Hg).
  • Participants with a history of hypertension may, however, be allowed to participate in the study if the study physician or physician assistant determines that the condition is stable, controlled by medication, and in no way jeopardizes the individual's safety.
  • Coronary heart disease;
  • Lifetime history of heart attack;
  • Cardiac rhythm disorder (irregular heart rhythm);
  • Chest pains (unless history, exam, and ECG clearly indicate a non-cardiac source);
  • Cardiac (heart) disorder (including but not limited to valvular heart disease, heart murmur, heart failure);
  • History of skin allergy;
  • Active skin disorder (e.g., psoriasis) within the last five years, except minor skin conditions (including but not limited to facial acne, minor localized infections, and superficial minor wounds);
  • Liver or kidney disorder (except kidney stones, gallstones);
  • Gastrointestinal problems or disease other than gastroesophageal reflux or heartburn;
  • Active ulcers in the past 30 days;
  • Lung disorder (including but not limited to Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and asthma);
  • Brain abnormality (including but not limited to stroke, brain tumor, and seizure disorder);
  • +20 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Duke Center for Nicotine & Smoking Cessation Research

Charlotte, Durham, Raleigh, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

Location

Related Publications (4)

  • Hajizadeh A, Howes S, Theodoulou A, Klemperer E, Hartmann-Boyce J, Livingstone-Banks J, Lindson N. Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 May 24;5(5):CD000031. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000031.pub6.

  • Livingstone-Banks J, Fanshawe TR, Thomas KH, Theodoulou A, Hajizadeh A, Hartman L, Lindson N. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 May 5;5(5):CD006103. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub8.

  • Rose JE, Behm FM. Adapting smoking cessation treatment according to initial response to precessation nicotine patch. Am J Psychiatry. 2013 Aug;170(8):860-7. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12070919.

  • Uhl GR, Walther D, Musci R, Fisher C, Anthony JC, Storr CL, Behm FM, Eaton WW, Ialongo N, Rose JE. Smoking quit success genotype score predicts quit success and distinct patterns of developmental involvement with common addictive substances. Mol Psychiatry. 2014 Jan;19(1):50-4. doi: 10.1038/mp.2012.155. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Smoking Cessation

Interventions

Tobacco Use Cessation DevicesBupropionVarenicline

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Health BehaviorBehavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

TherapeuticsPropiophenonesKetonesOrganic ChemicalsBenzazepinesHeterocyclic Compounds, 2-RingHeterocyclic Compounds, Fused-RingHeterocyclic CompoundsQuinoxalines

Limitations and Caveats

The group sizes for the post quit date randomization groups was relatively small. Second, the study used a tailored dose of pre-cessation nicotine patch therapy that is not in accordance with current product labeling in the US.

Results Point of Contact

Title
Jed E. Rose, Ph.D.
Organization
Duke University Medical Center

Study Officials

  • Jed E Rose, Ph.D.

    Duke University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 3
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
TRIPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

May 4, 2009

First Posted

May 6, 2009

Study Start

May 1, 2009

Primary Completion

July 1, 2011

Study Completion

October 1, 2011

Last Updated

September 23, 2013

Results First Posted

December 26, 2012

Record last verified: 2013-09

Locations