Opportunistic Screening for Prediabetes and Early Diabetes in Primary Care

NCT00787839 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: IIR 07-138
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 1,939
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

People who might have prediabetes or unrecognized diabetes will be screened for these problems at an outpatient visit. For screening, they will take a sugary drink containing 50 grams of glucose, and have a blood sample one hour later. The blood sample will be tested for glucose and A1c (a measure of blood glucose over the previous two months). They will also fill out questionnaires that ask about their health history and how they would feel about exercising and trying to lose weight if they are found to have prediabetes or diabetes. At a subsequent visit, they will have an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) - a blood sample, then a sugary drink containing 75 grams of glucose, and a repeat blood sample 2 hours later. We will evaluate the costs of finding out if people have prediabetes or diabetes. For people who are found to have these problems, we will also evaluate how well their doctors treat these problems.

Conditions

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Prediabetic State

Keywords

type 2 diabetes mellitus; prediabetic state; mass screening; glucose tolerance test

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Ability of Different Screening Tests Which Can be Performed Opportunistically (During Outpatient Visits -- at Any Time of Day, Regardless of Meal Status) to Predict Findings With the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (in the Morning, After an Overnight Fast)

  Area under ROC curve (AROC) for prediction of diabetes (based on OGTT) and high-risk dysglycemia (based on OGTT, IGT with 2 hour OGTT glucose 140-199 mg/dl, and/or IFG with fasting glucose 110-125 mg/dl). ROC curves are plots of (1-sensitivity) vs. (1-specificity) for all possible screening cutoffs, so a higher AROC indicates higher predictive accuracy. A perfect test would have an AROC of 1.00, while a test equivalent to tossing a coin (random) would have an AROC of 0.50; if confidence limits include 0.50, predictive accuracy is no better than chance. It is important to appreciate that while AROC analysis can show the relative accuracy of different screening tests, and aid the selection of which test to use in clinical practice, such an analysis does not define what the optimal screening test cutoff is. Selection of the optimal cutoff generally requires consideration of other factors, such as costs and/or the clinical importance of having higher or lower sensitivity.

  3 years

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Cost to Identify a Single Case of High-risk Dysglycemia or Previously Unrecognized Diabetes

  3 years

Study Arms (1)

Group 1

Atlanta VA Medical Center patients who meet criteria for screening for prediabetes and early diabetes based on standard guidelines of the VA, the American Diabetes Association, and the National Institutes of Health

Other: Glucose challenge test; Other: Glucose tolerance test

Interventions

Glucose challenge test OTHER

At a first outpatient visit, at different times of the day and without a prior fast, subjects will have a 50 gram glucose drink followed by measurement of plasma and capillary glucose along with A1c one hour later. They will also fill out questionnaires. At a second outpatient visit, in the morning after fasting overnight, they will have a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test.

Group 1

Glucose tolerance test OTHER

Subjects found to have diabetes or prediabetes on the initial glucose tolerance test may be requested to have a repeat glucose tolerance test and A1c.

Group 1

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

initial primary study population will be drawn primarily from veterans receiving primary care at the Decatur Clinic CBOC in metropolitan Atlanta, GA

You may qualify if:

• veteran status,
• ambulatory outpatient at Atlanta VA Medical Center,
• visit to primary care clinic, AND
• meet criteria for screening (age \>= 45 years or other risk factors \[body mass index \>=25 or hypertension or systolic blood pressure \>=140 or HDL cholesterol \<35 in men or \<45 in women or fasting triglycerides \>250 or first-degree relative with diabetes or minority race or minority ethnicity or history of diabetes during pregnancy or history of having a baby weighing \>9 pounds or history of polycystic ovary syndrome\])

You may not qualify if:

• known to have diabetes, OR
• taking steroids OR pregnant, OR
• not well enough to have worked during the previous week (actual employment not necessary)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• US Department of Veterans Affairs: lead
• Emory University: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Atlanta VA Medical and Rehab Center, Decatur, GA

Decatur, Georgia, 30033, United States

Location

Related Publications (18)

• Twombly JG, Long Q, Zhu M, Wilson PW, Narayan KM, Fraser LA, Webber BC, Phillips LS. Diabetes care in black and white veterans in the southeastern U.S. Diabetes Care. 2010 May;33(5):958-63. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1556. Epub 2010 Jan 26.

  PMID: 20103548 RESULT

• Ziemer DC, Kolm P, Weintraub WS, Vaccarino V, Rhee MK, Twombly JG, Narayan KM, Koch DD, Phillips LS. Glucose-independent, black-white differences in hemoglobin A1c levels: a cross-sectional analysis of 2 studies. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jun 15;152(12):770-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-00004.

  PMID: 20547905 RESULT

• Rhee MK, Herrick K, Ziemer DC, Vaccarino V, Weintraub WS, Narayan KM, Kolm P, Twombly JG, Phillips LS. Many Americans have pre-diabetes and should be considered for metformin therapy. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33(1):49-54. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0341. Epub 2009 Oct 6.

  PMID: 19808929 RESULT

• Olson DE, Rhee MK, Herrick K, Ziemer DC, Twombly JG, Phillips LS. Screening for diabetes and pre-diabetes with proposed A1C-based diagnostic criteria. Diabetes Care. 2010 Oct;33(10):2184-9. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0433. Epub 2010 Jul 16.

  PMID: 20639452 RESULT

• Fraser LA, Twombly J, Zhu M, Long Q, Hanfelt JJ, Narayan KM, Wilson PW, Phillips LS. Delay in diagnosis of diabetes is not the patient's fault. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33(1):e10. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1129. No abstract available.

  PMID: 20040660 RESULT

• Lin E, Liang Z, Frediani J, Davis SS Jr, Sweeney JF, Ziegler TR, Phillips LS, Gletsu-Miller N. Improvement in ss-cell function in patients with normal and hyperglycemia following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Nov;299(5):E706-12. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00405.2010. Epub 2010 Aug 17.

  PMID: 20716694 RESULT

• Chatterjee R, Narayan KM, Lipscomb J, Phillips LS. Screening adults for pre-diabetes and diabetes may be cost-saving. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jul;33(7):1484-90. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0054.

  PMID: 20587721 RESULT

• Twombly JG, Long Q, Zhu M, Fraser LA, Olson DE, Wilson PW, Narayan KM, Phillips LS. Validity of the primary care diagnosis of diabetes in veterans in the southeastern United States. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 Mar;91(3):395-400. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.11.001. Epub 2010 Nov 26.

  PMID: 21112654 RESULT

• Phillips LS, Ziemer DC, Kolm P, Weintraub WS, Vaccarino V, Rhee MK, Chatterjee R, Narayan KM, Koch DD. Glucose challenge test screening for prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes. Diabetologia. 2009 Sep;52(9):1798-807. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1407-7. Epub 2009 Jun 26.

  PMID: 19557386 RESULT

• Shikany JM, Tinker LF, Neuhouser ML, Ma Y, Patterson RE, Phillips LS, Liu S, Redden DT. Association of glycemic load with cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Nutrition. 2010 Jun;26(6):641-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.08.014. Epub 2010 Jan 6.

  PMID: 20053533 RESULT

• Buse JB. Screening for diabetes and prediabetes with proposed A1C-based diagnostic criteria: comment on Olson et al. Diabetes Care. 2010 Dec;33(12):e174; author reply e175. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1720. No abstract available.

  PMID: 21115761 RESULT

• Margolis KL, Wei F, de Boer IH, Howard BV, Liu S, Manson JE, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Phillips LS, Shikany JM, Tinker LF; Women's Health Initiative Investigators. A diet high in low-fat dairy products lowers diabetes risk in postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2011 Nov;141(11):1969-74. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.143339. Epub 2011 Sep 21.

  PMID: 21940514 RESULT

• Tinker LF, Sarto GE, Howard BV, Huang Y, Neuhouser ML, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Beasley JM, Margolis KL, Eaton CB, Phillips LS, Prentice RL. Biomarker-calibrated dietary energy and protein intake associations with diabetes risk among postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Dec;94(6):1600-6. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.018648. Epub 2011 Nov 9.

  PMID: 22071707 RESULT

• Chlebowski RT, McTiernan A, Wactawski-Wende J, Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rohan T, Ipp E, Kaklamani VG, Vitolins M, Wallace R, Gunter M, Phillips LS, Strickler H, Margolis K, Euhus DM. Diabetes, metformin, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Aug 10;30(23):2844-52. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.39.7505. Epub 2012 Jun 11.

  PMID: 22689798 RESULT

• Ma Y, Hebert JR, Manson JE, Balasubramanian R, Liu S, Lamonte MJ, Bird CE, Ockene JK, Qiao Y, Olendzki B, Schneider KL, Rosal MC, Sepavich DM, Wactawski-Wende J, Stefanick ML, Phillips LS, Ockene IS, Kaplan RC, Sarto GE, Garcia L, Howard BV. Determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in incidence of diabetes in postmenopausal women in the U.S.: The Women's Health Initiative 1993-2009. Diabetes Care. 2012 Nov;35(11):2226-34. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0412. Epub 2012 Jul 25.

  PMID: 22833490 RESULT

• You NC, Chen BH, Song Y, Lu X, Chen Y, Manson JE, Kang M, Howard BV, Margolis KL, Curb JD, Phillips LS, Stefanick ML, Tinker LF, Liu S. A prospective study of leukocyte telomere length and risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women. Diabetes. 2012 Nov;61(11):2998-3004. doi: 10.2337/db12-0241. Epub 2012 Jul 24.

  PMID: 22829448 RESULT

• Gletsu-Miller N, Kahn HS, Gasevic D, Liang Z, Frediani JK, Torres WE, Ziegler TR, Phillips LS, Lin E. Sagittal abdominal diameter and visceral adiposity: correlates of beta-cell function and dysglycemia in severely obese women. Obes Surg. 2013 Jul;23(7):874-81. doi: 10.1007/s11695-013-0874-6.

  PMID: 23408092 RESULT

• Phillips LS, Olson DE. Diabetes: normal glucose levels should be the goal. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012 Sep;8(9):510-2. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.139. Epub 2012 Jul 31. No abstract available.

  PMID: 22847240 RESULT

Biospecimen

Retention: NONE RETAINED

blood samples

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State

Interventions

Glucose Tolerance Test

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Blood Chemical Analysis; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Diagnosis; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; Investigative Techniques

Limitations and Caveats

Study in a single healthcare system, in a convenience sample of patients receiving care in a VA primary care clinic, in a population that was largely older, heavier, and predominantly male, and a single OGTT was used as the "gold standard".

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Lawrence S Phillips, MD
• Organization: Atlanta VA Medical Center

lawrence.phillips@va.gov

404-728-7608

Study Officials

• Lawrence S Phillips, MD

  Atlanta VA Medical and Rehab Center, Decatur, GA

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: Yes

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: FED
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 6, 2008
• First Posted: November 10, 2008
• Study Start: June 1, 2009
• Primary Completion: December 1, 2012
• Study Completion: December 1, 2012
• Last Updated: April 27, 2015
• Results First Posted: December 23, 2014

Record last verified: 2014-10

Locations

US (1)