A Comparison Between Cognitive, Behavioral, and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

NCT00635999 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: R01MH039172-01
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 76
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of three adaptive coping treatments in lessening anxiety in adults with generalized anxiety disorder.

Conditions

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• High End State Function

  Percentage of participants meeting high end state functioning (e.g., within 1 standard deviation of mean of nonanxious samples on Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and Reactions to Relaxation and Arousal Questionnaire)

  10-14 days after last therapy session and months 6, 12, and 24 following last therapy session

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Within-group Change Represented as Cohen's d Effect Sizes

  10-14 days after last therapy session and months 6, 12, and 24 following last therapy session

Study Arms (3)

Purely Behavioral therapy

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will receive treatment with progressive and applied relaxation and self-control desensitization.

Behavioral: Applied relaxation and self-control desensitization

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will receive treatment with cognitive therapy, progressive and applied relaxation, and self-control desensitization

Behavioral: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive Therapy (CT)

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will receive purely cognitive therapy including identification of maladaptive thought processes and training in cognitive restructuring.

Other: Cognitive therapy (CT)

Interventions

Applied relaxation and self-control desensitization BEHAVIORAL

Applied relaxation and self-control desensitization sessions will teach participants relaxation techniques and the use of imagery for coping with anxiety. Treatment will include 14 weekly sessions.

Purely Behavioral therapy

Cognitive therapy (CT) OTHER

CT sessions will teach participants to identify ways in which they perceive themselves and the world and how to modify these thoughts to reduce anxiety. CT will include 14 weekly sessions.

Cognitive Therapy (CT)

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy BEHAVIORAL

Includes all of the techniques in the other 2 interventions.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 85 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Primary diagnosis of GAD

You may not qualify if:

• Diagnosis of any of the following: panic disorder, subclinical GAD, severe depression, psychosis, or organic brain syndrome
• Currently receiving therapy for GAD or has previously received CBT
• Medical contributions to anxiety
• Currently taking antidepressant medication
• Current substance abuse

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Michelle G. Newman: lead

Study Sites (1)

Penn State University

University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States

Location

Related Publications (11)

• Roemer L, Molina S, Borkovec TD. An investigation of worry content among generally anxious individuals. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997 May;185(5):314-9. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199705000-00005.

  PMID: 9171808 BACKGROUND

• Roemer L, Molina S, Litz BT, Borkovec TD. Preliminary investigation of the role of previous exposure to potentially traumatizing events in generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 1996-1997;4(3):134-8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1996)4:33.0.CO;2-G.

  PMID: 9166642 BACKGROUND

• Devilly GJ, Borkovec TD. Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2000 Jun;31(2):73-86. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7916(00)00012-4.

  PMID: 11132119 BACKGROUND

• Schut AJ, Castonguay LG, Borkovec TD. Compulsive checking behaviors in generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychol. 2001 Jun;57(6):705-15. doi: 10.1002/jclp.1043.

  PMID: 11344459 BACKGROUND

• Stöber, J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2002). Reduced concreteness of worry in generalized anxiety disorder: Findings from a therapy study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 89-96.

  BACKGROUND

• Behar E, Alcaine O, Zuellig AR, Borkovec TD. Screening for generalized anxiety disorder using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire: a receiver operating characteristic analysis. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2003 Mar;34(1):25-43. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7916(03)00004-1.

  PMID: 12763391 BACKGROUND

• McLaughlin KA, Behar E, Borkovec TD. Family history of psychological problems in generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychol. 2008 Jul;64(7):905-18. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20497.

  PMID: 18509873 BACKGROUND

• Cassidy J, Lichtenstein-Phelps J, Sibrava NJ, Thomas CL Jr, Borkovec TD. Generalized anxiety disorder: connections with self-reported attachment. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):23-38. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 Jun 24.

  PMID: 19187814 BACKGROUND

• Newman MG, Przeworski A, Fisher AJ, Borkovec TD. Diagnostic comorbidity in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: impact of comorbidity on psychotherapy outcome and impact of psychotherapy on comorbid diagnoses. Behav Ther. 2010 Mar;41(1):59-72. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.005. Epub 2009 Jun 8.

  PMID: 20171328 BACKGROUND

• Newman MG, Fisher AJ. Expectancy/Credibility Change as a Mediator of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Mechanism of Action or Proxy for Symptom Change? Int J Cogn Ther. 2010 Sep;3:245-261. doi: 10.1521/ijct.2010.3.3.245.

  PMID: 21132075 BACKGROUND

• Borkovec TD, Newman MG, Pincus AL, Lytle R. A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and the role of interpersonal problems. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Apr;70(2):288-98.

  PMID: 11952187 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Interventions

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Anxiety Disorders; Mental Disorders

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior Therapy; Psychotherapy; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Michelle G. Newman
• Organization: Penn State University

mgn1@psu.edu

814-863-1148

Study Officials

• Michelle G. Newman, PhD

  Penn State University

  STUDY DIRECTOR

• Thomas D. Borkovec, PhD

  Penn State University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: Yes

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Study Director

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 12, 2008
• First Posted: March 14, 2008
• Study Start: October 1, 1991
• Primary Completion: October 1, 1998
• Study Completion: October 1, 1998
• Last Updated: January 25, 2018
• Results First Posted: January 25, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)