NCT00539279

Brief Summary

This project represents the first randomized clinical trial of psychotherapy for older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It will compare relaxation training (RT) to prolonged exposure therapy (PE). The project will also examine whether cognitive impairment influences psychotherapy outcome. Primary hypotheses: (1) Subjects in the PE condition will have significantly less severe PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and functional impairment than subjects in the RT condition at posttest; (2) Executive functioning will modify the response to both treatments, such that those with impaired executive functioning will demonstrate a smaller reduction in PTSD symptoms (representing less clinically significant change).

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
87

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2009

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 2, 2007

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 4, 2007

Completed
1.4 years until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 1, 2009

Completed
4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

March 1, 2013

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

March 1, 2013

Completed
2.5 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

August 19, 2015

Completed
Last Updated

August 19, 2015

Status Verified

August 1, 2015

Enrollment Period

4 years

First QC Date

October 2, 2007

Results QC Date

April 29, 2015

Last Update Submit

August 11, 2015

Conditions

Keywords

Cognitive- Behavior TherapyCombat DisordersElderlyGeriatricsImplosive therapyNeuropsychological TestPost-traumatic Stress DisorderPsychotherapyRandomized Controlled TrialRelaxation techniques

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

  • PTSD Checklist (PCL)

    The PTSD Checklist is a self-report questionnaire about PTSD symptoms. The version used in this study is called the PCL-S, which denotes a specific traumatic event for subjects to respond to. There are 17 items, each with response categories from 1 to 5. Thus, the total score ranges from 17 to 85. Higher scores reflect higher levels of PTSD symptoms, and a score of 50 or above is commonly interpreted to designate clinically significant PTSD symptoms.

    Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up

  • Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Subscale (PHQ-9)

    The PHQ-9 is a self-report questionnaire about depressive symptoms. There are 9 scored items, each with response categories from 0 (zero) to 3. Thus, the total score ranges from 0 to 27. Higher scores reflect higher levels of depressive symptoms, with interpretation as follows: 0 (zero) No depression 1-4 Minimal depression 5-9 Mild depression 10-14 Moderate depression 15-19 Moderately severe depression 20-27 Severe depression

    Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up

  • Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale Severity Score (CAPS)

    The CAPS is a clinician-administered interview about PTSD symptoms. There are 17 scored items for PTSD severity, each with response categories from 0 (zero) to 4 separately for both frequency and severity. Thus, each item can receive a score of 0 (zero) to 8, and the total severity score ranges from 0 to 136. Higher scores reflect higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Scores of 60 or above are generally considered clinically significant, and changes of 10 points or more (e.g., between pre-treatment and post-treatment) are considered clinically significant changes.

    Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up

Secondary Outcomes (4)

  • Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI)

    Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up

  • State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State Scale (STAI-S)

    Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up

  • Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)

    Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up

  • Global Neuropsychological Deficits (Standardized, Composite)

    Pre-treatment, post-treatment

Study Arms (2)

Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)

EXPERIMENTAL

Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)

Behavioral: Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)

Relaxation Training (RT)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Relaxation Training (RT)

Behavioral: Relaxation Training (RT)

Interventions

PE is a therapy that aims to reduce PTSD symptoms via a systematic exposure to feared memories (by imaginal exposure - repeated narration about the traumatic memory) and situations (by in vivo exposure - engaging in feared but safe activities or facing feared situations).

Also known as: Implosive therapy; flooding; systematic desensitization
Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)

RT aims to teach relaxation methods in an effort to reduce anxiety. RT includes Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Imagery Rehearsal, and breathing training.

Also known as: Progressive Muscle Relaxation; Breathing training
Relaxation Training (RT)

Eligibility Criteria

Age60 Years+
Sexmale
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Veterans with primary diagnosis of chronic PTSD due to combat or non-sexual military trauma; comorbid mood and anxiety disorders are expected, and will be permitted (to maximize generalizability) if PTSD symptoms are judged to be predominant based on primacy and severity of symptoms
  • Male
  • Age 60 or older; and
  • English literacy.

You may not qualify if:

  • Unmanaged psychosis or manic episodes in past year
  • Substance dependence or alcohol dependence in past 3 months
  • Concurrent psychotherapies targeting PTSD or exposure therapy for other anxiety symptoms \[veterans who are engaged in treatment for non-PTSD symptoms (e.g., 12-step programs for substance problems) will be eligible\]
  • Severe cardiovascular or respiratory disease that would make it difficult to ensure regular attendance at psychotherapy sessions
  • Probable dementia (based on chart diagnosis); or
  • Head trauma resulting in loss of consciousness longer than 20 minutes.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego

San Diego, California, 92161, United States

Location

Related Publications (2)

  • Walter KH, Glassman LH, Wells SY, Thorp SR, Morland LA. The Impact of Depression Severity on Treatment Outcomes Among Older Male Combat Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2020 Jun;33(3):345-352. doi: 10.1002/jts.22503. Epub 2020 Mar 26.

  • Thorp SR, Glassman LH, Wells SY, Walter KH, Gebhardt H, Twamley E, Golshan S, Pittman J, Penski K, Allard C, Morland LA, Wetherell J. A randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure therapy versus relaxation training for older veterans with military-related PTSD. J Anxiety Disord. 2019 May;64:45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.02.003. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Combat DisordersStress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Interventions

Implosive TherapyFloodsRelaxation TherapyAutogenic Training

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Stress Disorders, TraumaticTrauma and Stressor Related DisordersMental Disorders

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Desensitization, PsychologicBehavior TherapyPsychotherapyBehavioral Disciplines and ActivitiesClimatic ProcessesEcological and Environmental PhenomenaBiological PhenomenaNatural DisastersDisastersEnvironmentEnvironment and Public HealthMind-Body TherapiesComplementary TherapiesTherapeuticsHypnosis

Limitations and Caveats

Early termination leading to smaller numbers of subjects analyzed at post-treatment and follow-up; Results generalize only to older male combat veterans who were treatment-seeking for PTSD

Results Point of Contact

Title
Steven R. Thorp, Ph.D., ABPP
Organization
VA San Diego Healthcare System

Study Officials

  • Steven R. Thorp, PhD

    VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
FED
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 2, 2007

First Posted

October 4, 2007

Study Start

March 1, 2009

Primary Completion

March 1, 2013

Study Completion

March 1, 2013

Last Updated

August 19, 2015

Results First Posted

August 19, 2015

Record last verified: 2015-08

Locations