MENDS Study: Trial in Ventilated ICU Patients Comparing an Alpha2 Agonist Versus a Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Agonist to Determine Delirium Rates, Efficacy of Sedation, Analgesia and Discharge Cognitive Status

NCT00095251 | Completed Phase 2 DMC

• 1 other identifier: IRB#031089
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 100
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Delirium has recently been shown as a predictor of death, increased cost, and longer length of stay in ventilated patients. Sedative and analgesic medications relieve anxiety and pain, but may contribute to patients' transitioning into delirium. It is possible that modifying the paradigm for sedation using novel therapies targeted at different receptors, such as dexmedetomidine targeting alpha2 receptors and sparing the GABA receptors, could provide efficacious sedation yet reduce the development, duration, and severity of acute brain dysfunction (delirium).

Conditions

Delirium

Keywords

Delirium; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; efficacy of sedation; cognitive impairment

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• achieving target sedation level

  The patients' managing team will set the "goal" or "target" as medically indicated using the RASS 37. A trained research nurse or physician blinded to patients' group assignment and medical management will perform measurement of the "actual" RASS level every 12 hours. Comparisons will be made between the actual and target RASS levels to determine the primary outcome measure, which is the accuracy of achieving the target sedation level.

  Patients will receive study drug for a maximum of 120 hours (5 days)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• duration and severity of delirium

  Patients will receive study drug for a maximum of 120 hours (5 days)

Study Arms (2)

Dexmedetomidine group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Patients in the dexmedetomidine arm will receive a bolus dose of 1 μg/kg infused over 10 minutes followed by an infusion started at 0.15- 0.45 μg/kg/hr. The patient's managing physician will have the option of beginning the dexmedetomidine infusion without a bolus in circumstances where the patient's sedation level is adequate at enrollment or in the presence of baseline bradycardia /hypotension. Dexmedetomidine will be titrated every 10 minutes to achieve set target RASS score. The maximum dexmedetomidine infusion will be 1.5 μg/kg/hr.

Drug: Dexmedetomidine

Lorazepam group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Patients in the lorazepam arm will receive a bolus dose of 1-3 mg followed by an infusion started at 1-3 mg/hr. Lorazepam infusion will be titrated every 10 minutes to achieve set target RASS score. The maximum lorazepam infusion will be 10 mg /hr.

Drug: Lorazepam

Interventions

Dexmedetomidine DRUG

a bolus dose of 1 μg/kg infused over 10 minutes followed by an infusion started at 0.15- 0.45 μg/kg/hr. Dexmedetomidine will be titrated every 10 minutes to achieve set target RASS score. The maximum dexmedetomidine infusion will be 1.5 μg/kg/hr.

Dexmedetomidine group

Lorazepam DRUG

Patients in the lorazepam arm will receive a bolus dose of 1-3 mg followed by an infusion started at 1-3 mg/hr. Lorazepam infusion will be titrated every 10 minutes to achieve set target RASS score. The maximum lorazepam infusion will be 10 mg /hr.

Lorazepam group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Male or female adult patients admitted to the medical and surgical ICU for critical illnesses requiring mechanical ventilation with expectation of being mechanically ventilated for greater than 24 hours

You may not qualify if:

• Subjects who are less than 18 years of age
• Subjects who are pregnant (a pregnancy test will be performed on all women of child bearing age)
• Inability to obtain informed consent from the patient or his/her surrogate
• Subjects in the ICU due to a lack of beds elsewhere in the hospital, triage issues, or withdrawal of care decisions rather than severity of illness
• Subjects admitted with alcohol or drug overdoses, suicide attempts, or alcohol/delirium tremens
• Subjects who are physiologically benzodiazepine dependent, and at risk for withdrawal syndromes
• Subjects with chronic pain syndromes on maintenance narcotics
• Subjects treated within the last 30 days with a drug or device that has not received regulatory approval as of study entry
• Subjects with a psychiatric history for which they are on neuroleptic treatment
• Subjects with documented moderate to severe dementia
• Subjects with anoxic brain injuries, strokes, neurotrauma, or neuromuscular disorders such as myasthenia gravis or Guillain Barre syndrome
• Medical team following patient unwilling to use the sedation regimens
• Subjects whose family and/or physician have not committed to aggressive support for 72 hours or who are likely to withdraw within 72 hours
• Subjects who are moribund and not expected to survive 24 hours
• Subjects not expected to survive hospital discharge due to preexisting uncorrectable medical condition

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Vanderbilt University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, United States

Location

Related Publications (15)

• Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, Speroff T, Gordon SM, Harrell FE Jr, Inouye SK, Bernard GR, Dittus RS. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA. 2004 Apr 14;291(14):1753-62. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.14.1753.

  PMID: 15082703 BACKGROUND

• Milbrandt EB, Deppen S, Harrison PL, Shintani AK, Speroff T, Stiles RA, Truman B, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW. Costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med. 2004 Apr;32(4):955-62. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000119429.16055.92.

  PMID: 15071384 BACKGROUND

• Ely EW, Gautam S, Margolin R, Francis J, May L, Speroff T, Truman B, Dittus R, Bernard R, Inouye SK. The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay. Intensive Care Med. 2001 Dec;27(12):1892-900. doi: 10.1007/s00134-001-1132-2. Epub 2001 Nov 8.

  PMID: 11797025 BACKGROUND

• Ely EW, Inouye SK, Bernard GR, Gordon S, Francis J, May L, Truman B, Speroff T, Gautam S, Margolin R, Hart RP, Dittus R. Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA. 2001 Dec 5;286(21):2703-10. doi: 10.1001/jama.286.21.2703.

  PMID: 11730446 BACKGROUND

• Inouye SK, Schlesinger MJ, Lydon TJ. Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care. Am J Med. 1999 May;106(5):565-73. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00070-4.

  PMID: 10335730 BACKGROUND

• Inouye SK, Rushing JT, Foreman MD, Palmer RM, Pompei P. Does delirium contribute to poor hospital outcomes? A three-site epidemiologic study. J Gen Intern Med. 1998 Apr;13(4):234-42. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00073.x.

  PMID: 9565386 BACKGROUND

• Ostermann ME, Keenan SP, Seiferling RA, Sibbald WJ. Sedation in the intensive care unit: a systematic review. JAMA. 2000 Mar 15;283(11):1451-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.11.1451.

  PMID: 10732935 BACKGROUND

• Marcantonio ER, Juarez G, Goldman L, Mangione CM, Ludwig LE, Lind L, Katz N, Cook EF, Orav EJ, Lee TH. The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications. JAMA. 1994 Nov 16;272(19):1518-22.

  PMID: 7966844 BACKGROUND

• Dubois MJ, Bergeron N, Dumont M, Dial S, Skrobik Y. Delirium in an intensive care unit: a study of risk factors. Intensive Care Med. 2001 Aug;27(8):1297-304. doi: 10.1007/s001340101017.

  PMID: 11511942 BACKGROUND

• Maze M, Scarfini C, Cavaliere F. New agents for sedation in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin. 2001 Oct;17(4):881-97. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70185-8.

  PMID: 11762266 BACKGROUND

• National Research Council (US) Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging; Stern PC, Carstensen LL, editors. The Aging Mind: Opportunities in Cognitive Research. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2000. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44833/

  PMID: 20669496 BACKGROUND

• Maldonado J, Wysong A, Starre Pvd, Block T. Postoperative Sedation and the Incidence of ICU Delirium in Cardiac Surgery Patients. ASA. 2004;Abstract and Poster Presentation.

  BACKGROUND

• Stollings JL, Thompson JL, Ferrell BA, Scheinin M, Wilkinson GR, Hughes CG, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Patel MB. Sedative Plasma Concentrations and Delirium Risk in Critical Illness. Ann Pharmacother. 2018 Jun;52(6):513-521. doi: 10.1177/1060028017753480. Epub 2018 Jan 24.

  PMID: 29363356 DERIVED

• Pandharipande PP, Sanders RD, Girard TD, McGrane S, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Herr DL, Maze M, Ely EW; MENDS investigators. Effect of dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on outcome in patients with sepsis: an a priori-designed analysis of the MENDS randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2010;14(2):R38. doi: 10.1186/cc8916. Epub 2010 Mar 16.

  PMID: 20233428 DERIVED

• Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, Maze M, Girard TD, Miller RR, Shintani AK, Thompson JL, Jackson JC, Deppen SA, Stiles RA, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007 Dec 12;298(22):2644-53. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.22.2644.

  PMID: 18073360 DERIVED

Related Links

• This is an educational website on delirium in the ICU.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Delirium; Cognitive Dysfunction

Interventions

Dexmedetomidine; Lorazepam

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Confusion; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurologic Manifestations; Nervous System Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neurocognitive Disorders; Mental Disorders; Cognition Disorders

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Imidazoles; Azoles; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Benzodiazepinones; Benzodiazepines; Benzazepines; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring

Study Officials

• E Wesley Ely, MD, MPH

  Vanderbilt University Medical Center

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 2
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: TRIPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor of Medicine

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 1, 2004
• First Posted: November 2, 2004
• Study Start: August 1, 2004
• Primary Completion: August 1, 2007
• Study Completion: December 1, 2016
• Last Updated: September 11, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-09

Locations

US (1)